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BIO044: General Zoology > BIO 044 - Module 8 > Flashcards

BIO 044 - Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Level of complexity: Tissue Level

A

Phylum CNIDARIA

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2
Q

Cells are specialized and organized enough to form tissues, but not
enough to form organs

A

Tissue level

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3
Q

Diploblastic (has 2 germ layers)

A

Phylum CNIDARIA

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4
Q

display dimorphism

A

Cnidarians

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5
Q

2 forms of cnidarians

A

-Polyp
-Medusa

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6
Q

Adapted to a sedentary or sessile life, remaining attached on surfaces

A

Polyp

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7
Q

They have tubular bodies with a mouth facing up and surrounded by tentacles

A

Polyp

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8
Q

Adapted for a floating or free-swimming life

A

Medusa

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9
Q

The mouth faced downward and the body is widened into a flattened bell or umbrella
shape, with the tentacles extending outward from the rim of the umbrella

A

Medusa

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10
Q

Important cells and structures in a cnidarian

A

-Cnidocytes
-Epitheliomuscular cells
-Nerve net
-Ocelli

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11
Q

Stinging cells

A

Cnidocytes

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12
Q

Cells that line the tentacles
and are used to hunt and
grasp prey, as well as for
defense

A

Cnidocytes

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13
Q

Performs muscular contractions and contributes to the
movement of the cnidarian

A

Epitheliomuscular cells

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14
Q

Found around the mouth as circular fibers (causes the mouth
opening to increase or decrease its diameter)

A

Epitheliomuscular cells

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15
Q

Found around the rest of the body as longitudinal fiber
(stretches or contracts the body)

A

Epitheliomuscular cells

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16
Q

Made up of nerve cells that create synaptic connections all over the body, allowing for the
cnidarian to react quickly to stimuli

A

Nerve net

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17
Q

No brain or central nervous system

A

Nerve net

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18
Q

“primitive eye”; a photosensitive sensitive organ that detects only light

A

Ocelli

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19
Q

Only found in a box jellyfishes

A

Ocelli

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20
Q

dioecious (separate males and females), and displays both asexual and sexual reproduction

A

Cnidarians

21
Q

all ___ forms can reproduce sexually

A

medusa

22
Q

____ forms are the only ones that
can reproduce asexually

A

polyp

23
Q

The zygote will grow into a larva called ___ (which is ciliated and free-swimming)

A

Planula

24
Q

When the planula settles on the sea floor, it will turn into the ___

A

polyp stage

25
Q

s a type of transverse
fission (divides upwards instead of side to side)

A

strobilation

26
Q

The immature/juvenile medusa are called ___

A

ephyra

27
Q

Classifications of Phylum Cnidaria

A

Class HYDROZOA
Class SCYPHOZOA
Class CUBOZOA
Class ANTHOZOA

28
Q

“Hydra” = a water serpent with many head on long necks (due to the appearance of the tentacles)

A

Class HYDROZOA

29
Q

Can have just polyp forms, just medusa forms, or can have both forms

A

Class HYDROZOA

30
Q

-If polyp, they are mostly colonial
-Mostly marine, some found in freshwater

A

Class HYDROZOA

31
Q
  • Mainly marine, some in
    freshwater near the artic
  • Predominantly polyp form, but
    can form small medusas
A

Obelia “sea fur”

32
Q
  • Solitary freshwate hydrozoan
  • Has regenerative abilities and do
    not appear to die of old age
    (considered immortal)
  • Can freely move when hunting
A

Hydra “fresh-water polyp”

33
Q
  • Not a true medusa form, but
    actually a colonial hydrozoan
    (composed of 3 types of medusa
    and 4 types of polypoids)
  • Freely floats on water
  • Very painful stings
A

Physalia physalis
“Portuguese Man-o-War”

34
Q

“skyphos” = cup
* The true jellyfishes
* Their bells/umbrellas display scalloping (the edges have many small curves)
* Tentacles are numerous
* Medusa form when mature, but has a polyp stage

A

Class SCYPHOZOA

35
Q
  • Found in warm coatal waters and
    mangrove swamos
  • Reason why upside-down? They
    have photosynthetic abilitys (so
    face up to the sun) and is
    symbiotic with dinoflagellates
  • Very mild sting
A

Cassiopeia
“Upside-down jelly”

36
Q
  • Largest and longest known
    jellyfish in the world
  • Bell diameter: 2 meters
  • Tentacle length: >100ft (longest
    recorded is longer than blue whale)
  • Stings causes temporary pain but
    not fatal
A

Cyanea capillata
“Lion’s mane jelly / Giant jelly”

37
Q
  • The most well-studies jellyfish
  • Found in all waters, even in artic
  • Has the ability to decrease in
    size in unsuitable conditions
    (smaller size requires less
    energy
A

Aurelia
“Moon jelly”

38
Q

“cubo” = cube, box
* The bell/umbrella is cube-shaped and does not have scalloping
* The tentacles are long and only found in the 4 corners of the cube
* Predominantly medusa form; polyp forms are unknown
* Verocious predators and fast swimmers
* Have ocelli (they are day hunters and use ocelli to detect light. At night, they sink to the bottom)
* Stings can be fatal

A

Class CUBOZOA

39
Q
  • “Anthos” = flower
  • All polyps with a flower-like appearance
  • No medusa stage
  • All marine
  • Can be solitary or colonial
A

Class ANTHOZOA

40
Q

3 subclasses of Anthozoa

A

-Subclass HEXACORALLIA
-Subclass OCTOCORALLIA
-Subclass CERIANTIPATHARIA

41
Q

▪ Display hexamerous symmetry (“hex” = 6 sides); they always display tubular tentacles
around the mouth
▪ Includes sea anemones and hard corals

A

Subclass HEXACORALLIA

42
Q

▪ Display octomerous symmetry (“octo” = 8 sides); they always display featherlike tentacles
around the mouth
▪ Includes the sea fans, sea pens, soft and horny corals

A

Subclass OCTOCORALLIA

43
Q

▪ Display numerous thin tubular tentacles
▪ Burrows under the sea floor surface and can build tubes made of sand
▪ Includes the tube anemones, and the black and thorny corals

A

Subclass CERIANTIPATHARIA

44
Q

This cell lines the tentacles and is used to catch prey

A

Cnidocytes

45
Q

This organelle has a thread with barbs and can deliver toxins to prey

A

Nematocyst

46
Q

This process occurs when the polyp form starts producing medusas

A

Strobilation

47
Q

This cnidarian class includes all the jellyfishes with scalloped bells

A

Scyphozoa

48
Q

This sea anemone belongs to which subclass

A

Hexacorallia

BIO044: General Zoology (10 decks)

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