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BIO044: General Zoology > BIO004 - Module 2 > Flashcards

BIO004 - Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of life

A

Cell

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2
Q

Basic units of all living organisms, and composes all tissues and organs, each performing specialized functions in organized partnership

A

Cell

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3
Q

A unicellular organism that does not have a distinct nucleus with a membrane and does not have other specialized organelles

A

Prokaryote

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4
Q

An organism consisting of a cell/s which have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, and also contains membrane-bound organelles

A

Eukaryote

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5
Q

Can be either unicellular (ex. Protozoans) or multicellular (all other life-forms, including man)

A

Eukaryote

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6
Q

Both ____ and ____ contain DNA, use the same genetic code, and synthesize proteins.

A

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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7
Q

Parts of the animal cell

A

-Plasma membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
-Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
-Ribosomes
-Golgi complex/apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Mitochondria
-Cilia/Flagella

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8
Q

A selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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9
Q

It is made by a Phospholipid bilayer

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

2 layers of phospholipid molecules

A

-hydrophilic (water-soluble)
-hydrophobic (fat-soluble)

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11
Q

A term for all the contents inside a cell other than the nucleus. It contains mostly water.

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

The most prominent organelle which contains of linear chromosomes suspended in a
solution called the nucleoplasm

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Chromosomal DNA carries the genetic information.

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

specialized parts of certain chromosomes that carry
multiple copies of the DNA information used to synthesized RNA, which will later be
used to synthesized proteins

A

Nucleolus

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15
Q

double-layer membrane enclosing the nucleus and contains
pores to allow molecules to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Envelope

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16
Q

network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm of the cell, which is continues with
the nuclear envelope

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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17
Q

where most protein synthesis occurs in
the cell

A

Rough ER (RER)

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18
Q

synthesizes lipids and phospholipids in
the cell and detoxifies the cell of harmful substances

A

Smooth ER (SER)

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19
Q

Necessary for protein synthesis. Made of 2 small subunits and is numerous across the
cytoplasm and attached on the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Ribosomes

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20
Q

composed of a stack of membranous vesicles that function in storage, modification,
and packaging of polypeptide and protein products produce by the rough ER

A

Golgi complex/apparatus

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21
Q

Used to be an extension of the nuclear enveloped and used to be part of the
endoplasmic reticulum before detaching.

A

Golgi complex/apparatus

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22
Q

they contain enzymes that are involved in the
breakdown of foreign material,

A

Lysosomes

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23
Q

Break down injured or diseased cells or worn-out cellular components

A

autophagy

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24
Q

If enough of the lysosome membranes rupture, they can kill the cell itself

A

apoptosis

25
Q

they contain enzymes that catalyse the energy-yielding
steps to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

A

Mitochondria

26
Q

the most important energy-transfer
molecule of all cells

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

27
Q

motile extensions of the cell surface that sweep materials past the cell

A

Cilia/Flagella

28
Q

4 types of tissues in an animal body

A

-Epithelial Tissues
-Muscular Tissue
-Connective Tissue
-Nervous Tissue

29
Q

Made up of layers of tightly packed cells that line the surface of the body, organs,
blood vessels, respiratory system, and all body cavities

A

Epithelial Tissue

30
Q

They are mainly for
protection, secretion, and absorption

A

Epithelial Tissue

31
Q

a sheet of cells (epithelial cells) that covers an external or internal
surface

A

Epithelium

32
Q

Made up of cells containing contractile filaments (muscle fibers) which can lengthen
or shorten

A

Muscular Tissue

33
Q

3 types of muscular tissue

A

-Smooth Muscle
-Skeletal Muscle
-Cardiac Muscle

34
Q

Found in the walls of internal organs like stomach and
intestine. The contractions are involuntary.

A

Smooth Muscle

35
Q

Attached to bone and is the most common type. The
contractions are voluntary.

A

Skeletal Muscle

36
Q

Found only in the walls of the heart and is responsible for
pumping blood. It has more mitochondria compared to other muscle cells to
provide constant energy. The contractions are involuntary.

A

Cardiac Muscle

37
Q

Made up of relatively few fibrous cells, which are separated by an extracellular matrix. They are responsible in holding other tissues together or provide a framework.

A

Connective Tissue

38
Q

Made up of nerve cells called neurons that together form the nervous system.

A

Nervous Tissue

39
Q

Barrier to the outside environment; helps in temperature control and
production of vitamin D from sunlight

A

Integumentary System

40
Q

The framework of the body, for support and locomotion; also protects the
internal organs and stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus

A

Skeletal System

41
Q

For locomotion and heat production; also stores protein

A

Muscular System

42
Q

Coordinates activities of other organ systems; also includes the sense organs

A

Nervous System

43
Q

Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues, removes
waste products, and deliver immune cells

A

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

44
Q

Returns tissue fluid to circulatory system and also carries and maintains
immune cells.

A

Lymphatic System

45
Q

for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory System

46
Q

Processes foods and absorbs nutrients into the body

A

Digestive System

47
Q

Eliminates wastes and regulates pH and blood volume

A

Urinary/Excretory System

48
Q

Produces the germ cells (ova and sperm); in females, provides an
environment for growth of fetus or production of eggs.

A

Reproductive System

49
Q

group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops
and will later contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues (differentiation of cells)

A

Germ Layer

50
Q

3 Germ Layers

A

-Ectoderm
-Endoderm
-Mesoderm

51
Q

the outer layer of cells that will later form the outer components of the body (skin,
hair, nervous system)

A

Ectoderm

52
Q

the innermost layer of cells that will later form the linings of the digestive and
respiratory system

A

Endoderm

53
Q

the middle layer of cells that develop later as a result of the reaction between the
ectoderm and endoderm

A

Mesoderm

54
Q

They later form connective tissues like bones and muscles (including the smooth muscular walls of the digestive tract), the heart and blood vessels, as well as the
organs of the reproductive and urinary system.

A

Mesoderm

55
Q

Those animals with only 2 germ laters (Ectoderm and
Endoderm only) are called

A

Diploblastic

56
Q

Animals with all three germ layers are called

A

Triploblastic

57
Q

Forms the exoskeleton

A

Ectoderm

58
Q

Develops into organs

A

Mesoderm

59
Q

Forms the inner lining of organs

A

Endoderm

BIO044: General Zoology (10 decks)

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