BIO 044 - Module 6 Flashcards
Protoplasmic level
Mostly free living
Symbiotic to plants
Based on nutrition (plant-like and animal-like)
Protozoans/Protists
Can synthesize their own food
Autotrophs
Needs other organisms
Heterotrophs
Feed on particulate (solid food) acquired through phagocytosis
Phagotrophs/Holozoic Feeders
Ingest soluble (liquid food) through osmosis
Osmostrophs/Saprozoic Feeders
False feet
Pseudopodia
Similar morphologically
Cilia and flagella
Different Modes of Nutrition
-Autotrophs
-Heterotrophs
Can synthesize their own food
Autotrophs
From other organisms through ingesting food in a soluble or particulate form
Heterotrophs
Are heterotrophs that feed on particulate (solid) food that is acquired through phagocytosis
Phagotrophs/Holozoic feeders
Heterotrophs that ingest soluble (liquid) food through osmosis
Osmotrophs/Saprozoic feeders
Different Modes of Locomotion
-Cilia and Flagella
-Pseudopodia
Performed through “beatings”
Cilia and Flagella
Chief means of locomotion in amoebas
Pseudopodia
Primitive mouth
Cytosome
Containing food particles will be digested by
lysosomes
Vacoule
Means to eat
Phagocytosis
To drink
Pinocytosis
Exit
Exocytosis
Cell will simply divide by mitosis and results in 2 essentially identical individuals
Binary Fission
A progeny cell “the bud” is considerably smaller than the parent. It will late separate from the parent cell and grow to full size.
Budding
Form nuclear copies called “schizonts” before
splitting to simultaneously produce many identical individuals called “merozoites”
Multiple Fission/Schizonony
After a sexual reproductive stage; union of gametes before multiple fission/schizogony occurs.
Sporogony
Fusion of 2 cells or gametes resulting in the formation of a zygote
Syngamy
Temporarily fusing to allow exchange of chromosomes, when they separate, both
conjugants have entirely new genetic information.
Conjugation
Occurs before sporogony, will produce haploid (n) daughter cells instead of diploid (2n). When 2 haploids happen to meet, they will fuse to form a zygote. Will then make multiple copies of
itself through sporogony.
Gametogony
Mode of reproduction:
Asexual, binary or multiple fission
Sexual via syngamy
Nucleus: 1
SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
With 1 or more flagella
Replicates by binary fission or syngamy
MASTIGOPHORA
Pseudopodia
Mostly free-living
Binary fission or syngamy
SARCODINA
The only phylum that has apical complex
Sporozoans
Both asexual and sexual
No flagella and only has 1 nucleus
APICOMPLEXA
Ciliates/Ciliophores
Has 2 nucleus (micronucleus & macronucleus)
Binary fission and conjugation
CILIOPHORA
Most important marine primary producer
2 flagella
Produce a toxic substance that may produce a
“red tide”
DINOFLAGELLATA
Subphylum MASTIGOPHORA
Euglena spp.
Giardia lamblia
Trypanosoma spp.
Leishmania donovani
Subphylum SARCODINA
Entamoeba histolytica
Acanthomoeba keratitis
Causative agent of Malaria
Plamodium malaria
P. vivax
P. falciparum
Most common parasites
Toxoplasma gondii
Common intestinal protozoal parasite
Eimeria spp.
Phylum CILIOPHORA
Paramecium caudatum
Balantidium coli
Phylum DINOFLAGELLATA
Noctiluca scintillans
