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BIO044: General Zoology > BIO004 - Module 4 > Flashcards

BIO004 - Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The Layers of Our Environment

A

-Biosphere
-Biomes
-Ecosystem
-Communities
-Population
-Individual

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2
Q

The thin outer layer of the earth that is
capable of supporting life

A

Biosphere

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3
Q

A major biotic unit bearing a
characteristic array of plant life (Flora)
and corresponding animal life (Fauna)

A

Biomes

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4
Q

Consists of all populations of different
species (a community) together with
their physical environment

A

Ecosystem

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5
Q

Different Biosphere

A

-Atmosphere
-Hydrosphere
-Lithosphere

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6
Q

The gaseous component of the biosphere

A

Atmosphere

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7
Q

The rocky material of the earth’s outer crust

A

Lithosphere

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8
Q

The ultimate source of all mineral elements
needed by living organisms

A

Lithosphere

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9
Q

The water on or near the earth’s surface

A

Hydrosphere

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10
Q

determined by its climate, the temperature and amount of rainfall of the region, and the amount of solar radiation it receives

A

Biomes

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11
Q

6 Major Types of Land Biomes

A

-Temperate Forest
-Tropical Forest
-Grasslands
-Taiga
-Tundra
-Desert

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12
Q

Also known as Deciduous forest biome

A

Temperate Forests

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13
Q

Flora and fauna adapt to withstand freezing winters and exploit short summers

A

Temperate Forests

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14
Q

Has the 4 seasons; Animal communities must adapt to respond to rapid seasonal
changes

A

Temperate Forests

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15
Q

Located mainly in the equatorial belt

A

Tropical Forest

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16
Q

Has high rainfall, high humidity and high temperature

A

Tropical Forest

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17
Q

Many may have green, dull colors to allow them to camouflage in trees and vegetation,
but many birds are also brightly colored as it is hard to see them as they fly by

A

Tropical Forest

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18
Q

Also the most seriously threatened ecosystem

A

Tropical Forest

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19
Q

Vast expanse of grass, with few trees and bushes

A

Grasslands

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20
Q

Conditions are dry with occasional rainfall; wildfires are common

A

Grasslands

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21
Q

Known for large herds of herbivores

A

Grasslands

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22
Q

Animals can grow large sizes or be speedy due to wide open space

A

Grasslands

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23
Q

Prey animals develop patterns like spots and stripes that tricks the eyes of predators and allow them to blend in taller grasses

A

Grasslands

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24
Q

The most modified ecosystem and can be converted largely to agriculture and grazing

A

Grasslands

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25
Q

Also known as coniferous forest or boreal forest

A

Taiga

26
Q

Has short, wet summers and long, cold winters.

A

Taiga

27
Q

Gets plenty of snow during the winter and plenty of rainfall during the summer

A

Taiga

28
Q

Majority of the plants are conifer trees (pine trees)

A

Taiga

29
Q

Many animals of the ____ biome have to migrate to warmer areas or hibernate during the long, cold winters

A

Taiga

30
Q

many specialized adaptions including lots of thick fur or
feathers and the ability to change colors during different seasons

A

Taiga

31
Q

characterized by extremely cold temperatures and treeless, frozen landscapes

A

Tundra

32
Q

Vegetation is limited due inhospitable conditions, but may have a variety of short
shrubs, grasses, and perennials peeking through rocks and snows

A

Tundra

33
Q

uniquely suited to endure the harsh conditions

A

Tundra

34
Q

Arid regions where rainfall is very low and water evaporation is high

A

Desert

35
Q

Hot daytime temperatures, but very cold by nightfall

A

Desert

36
Q

2 Aquatic Biomes

A

-Inland Waters
-Oceanic Waters

37
Q

The fresh water on earth is only 2.5% of the world’s water, which mostly exists frozen in
polar ice caps or found underground. Only 0.01% is habitable.

A

Inland Waters

38
Q

contain much dissolved oxygen because of their
turbulence, so their fauna tolerates lower oxygen concentrations

A

Lotic habitat

39
Q

have even lower concentrations of oxygen,
particularly in deeper areas. Animals living on underwater substrates and vegetation
include snails, mussels, crustaceans, and a wide variety of insects.

A

Lentic habitat

40
Q

largest portion of earth’s biosphere (71% of earth’s surface)

A

Oceanic Water

41
Q

supports photosynthetic activity by phytoplankton

A

Photic zone

42
Q

the shallow water zone is the locus of the world’s great fisheries

A

Pelagic zone

43
Q

located in the ocean bed, have the coral reefs as the most ecologically
diverse in this community

A

Benthic zone

44
Q

The energy and materials required to construct and to maintain life, and their
incorporation into biological systems

A

Productivity

45
Q

Levels of Productivity in the Food Chain/Web

A

-Primary Producers
-Consumers
-Decomposers

46
Q

organisms that begin productivity by fixing and
storing energy from outside the ecosystem

A

Primary Producers

47
Q

The most important consumers, which are mainly bacteria and fungi

A

Decomposers

48
Q

They breakdown organic matter and return it to soluble form again to be available to
plants

A

Decomposers

49
Q

6 Community Interactions

A

-Predation
-Parasitism
-Commensalism
-Mutualism
-Competition
-Amensalism

50
Q

Survival of the prey is reduced (-), but benefits the predator (+) because the food
obtained from prey increases a predators ability to survive and reproduce

A

Predation

51
Q

as the predators evolve to get better at catching prey, the prey also
evolves to get better at escaping predators

A

Coevolution

52
Q

Parasite benefits by using host as home and source of nutrition, and host is harmed.

A

Parasitism

53
Q

benefits one species but does not harm nor benefits the other.

A

Commensalism

54
Q

both species benefit from each other

A

Mutualism

55
Q

Some mutualistic relationships are not only beneficial but necessary for survival of one or
both species.

A

Mutualism

56
Q

Reduces fitness of both species.

A

Competition

57
Q

It is very common to have both interspecies and intraspecies competitions for limiting
resources

A

Competition

58
Q

It is considered the most common and important interaction in nature.

A

Competition

59
Q

One species is harmed, but the other is unaffected.

A

Amensalism

60
Q

a crucial source of
replacement and continuous gene flow among demes
within a region

A

Immigration

61
Q

Each local population is called a

A

deme

62
Q

Factors that can deplete/eliminate the population

A

-Intrinsic factors
-Abiotic factors
-Biotic factors

BIO044: General Zoology (10 decks)

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