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Bio 11 > Bio Unit 4 > Flashcards

Bio Unit 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define biodiversity

A

the variation of life on Earth

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2
Q

who is carolus linnaeus

A

innaeus is known as the father of modern taxonomy

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3
Q

Why do biologists use the taxonomy system

A

allows biologists to organize, classify, and compare organisms.

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4
Q

how does taxonomy classify the organisms

A

axonomy classifies organisms based upon their similarities.

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5
Q

what is the mnemonic phrase used to remeber the order

A

King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

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6
Q

what does the mnemonic phrase mean

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species

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7
Q

how are all species named

A

with a dichotomous name

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8
Q

what is the dichotomous name split into

A

genus name first

and species name second

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9
Q

what are humans called

A

homo sapiens

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10
Q

which is the most specialized level of classification with the most diversity

A

species

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11
Q

Why is the species named this way

A

Genus: identify’s which genus it belongs to
Species: identifies the particular species within the genus

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12
Q

What is the key features of this taxon unit and taxon name:

kingdom animalia

A

Organisms that can move from one place to another.

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13
Q

What is the key features of this taxon unit and taxon name: phylum chordata

A

Have a notochord at some point in life cycle. The notochord is like a stiff rod that acts as the axis of the organism.

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14
Q

What is the key features of this taxon unit and taxon name: subphylum vertebrata

A

The notochord specializes into a spinal chord covered by bony vertebrae.

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15
Q

What is the key features of this taxon unit and taxon name: class mammalia

A

Glands (milk and sweat glands), hair.

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16
Q

What is the key features of this taxon unit and taxon name: order primata

A

Five fingers, Opposable thumb, orbits etc.

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17
Q

What is the key features of this taxon unit and taxon name: family hominidae

A

Large braincase.

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18
Q

What is the key features of this taxon unit and taxon name: genus homo

A

Bipedal, use of tools, culture and language.

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19
Q

What is the key features of this taxon unit and taxon name: species sapiens

A

Size of brain and dental patterns

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20
Q

what are two types of bacteria and how do you treat them

A 
Staphylococcus: causes strep
and pneumonia
Salmonella: causes food
poisoning 
Use antibiotics to get rid of the
disease it is important to use
them according to the
prescription so that you don't
become restraint to the antibiotic.
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21
Q

what are two types of fungi and how do you treat them

A 
Ringworm: skin rash that is red
and itchy
Athletes foot: causes bumps on
the feet, itchy feet and a
unpleasant Oder.
Treated with topical antifungal
medication
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22
Q

what are two types of protists

A 
Entamoeba hystolitica: eats the
inside of the small intestine
Balantidium coli: resides in small
intestine and causes diarrhea
Take an amoebicide like
diloxanide flourate
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23
Q 
name these characteristics for eubacteria:
 -Physical Structure
-Nutrition patterns
-Types of Reproduction
-Habitat
- Cell Wall
-Motility (how the organism moves)
-Three Representative
Organisms
A

-Physical Structure: Prokaryote,
unicellular
-Nutrition patterns: autotrophs or hetrotrophs
-Types of Reproduction: can reproduce asexually
-Habitat: live anywhere
-Cell Wall:present (peptidoglycan)
-Motility (how the organism moves): present in some
-Three Representative
Organisms: bacteria, cyanbacteria

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24
Q 
name these characteristics for archaebacteria:
 -Physical Structure
-Nutrition patterns
-Types of Reproduction
-Habitat
- Cell Wall
-Motility (how the organism moves)
-Three Representative
Organisms
A

-Physical Structure: prokaryote, unicellular
-Nutrition patterns: autotroph or hetrptrophs
-Types of Reproduction: N/A
-Habitat: live anywhere including salt water lakes, and animal guts
-Cell Wall:present (diffrent from bacterial CW)
-Motility (how the organism moves): present in some
-Three Representative
Organisms: methanogens, extreme thermohiles, extreme halophiles

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25
Q 
name these characteristics for protisa:
-Physical Structure
-Nutrition patterns
-Types of Reproduction
-Habitat
- Cell Wall
-Motility (how the organism moves)
-Three Representative
Organisms
A

-Physical Structure: eukaryote, unicellular/muticellular
-Nutrition patterns: autotrophs or hetrotrophs
-Types of Reproduction: reproduce asexually or sexually
-Habitat: live in aquatic or moist habitats
-Cell Wall: present in some
-Motility (how the organism moves): present in some
-Three Representative
Organisms: algae, protozoa

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26
Q 
name these characteristics for fungi:
 -Physical Structure
-Nutrition patterns
-Types of Reproduction
-Habitat
- Cell Wall
-Motility (how the organism moves)
-Three Representative
Organisms
A

-Physical Structure: Eukaryota, unicellular/muticellular
-Nutrition patterns: most are autotrophs
-Types of Reproduction: reproduce both sexually and asexually
-Habitat: most are terristal
-Cell Wall: present
-Motility (how the organism moves): absent
-Three Representative
Organisms: mushrooms, yeast, bread moulds

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27
Q 
name these characteristics for plantae:
 -Physical Structure
-Nutrition patterns
-Types of Reproduction
-Habitat
- Cell Wall
-Motility (how the organism moves)
-Three Representative
Organisms
A

-Physical Structure: eukaryote, unicellular/muticellular
-Nutrition patterns: most are autotrophs
-Types of Reproduction: reproduce sexually and asexually
-Habitat: most are terristal
-Cell Wall: present (cellulose)
-Motility (how the organism moves): absent
-Three Representative
Organisms: mosses, ferns, conifers

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28
Q 
name these characteristics for animalia:
 -Physical Structure
-Nutrition patterns
-Types of Reproduction
-Habitat
- Cell Wall
-Motility (how the organism moves)
-Three Representative
Organisms
A

-Physical Structure: eukarotype, unicellular/muticellular
-Nutrition patterns: hetrotrophs
-Types of Reproduction: reproduces sexually
-Habitat: most terristal and aquatic habitats
-Cell Wall: absent
-Motility (how the organism moves): present
-Three Representative
Organisms: sponges, worms, starfish

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29
Q

do viruses fit into the six kingdoms

A

no

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30
Q

why are viruses not considered living (5)

A
  • They are not made of cells.
  • They are actually much more than cells.
  • They are very simple.
  • They are not capable of reproducing on their own.
  • They do not need food
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31
Q

what do most viruses consist of

A

consist of a protein coat called a capsid and nucleic acid. The nucleic acid can be in the form of either DNA or RNA.

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32
Q

name 5 viruses

A

small pox, chicken pox, influenza, AIDS, SARS

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33
Q

what do viruses need

A

a host cell which to attach to

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34
Q

how does the virus cycle work

A
  • The virus or just the viral DNA/RNA enters the host cell and attaches itself to the host cell’s DNA.
  • The virus then synthesizes its own viral nucleic acid and protein coat (more copies of itself) using the host cell’s organelles.
  • It then assembles thousands of copies of itself, killing the host cell and infecting nearby cells, starting this cycle again.
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35
Q

T or F prokaryotic cells have a nucleus

A

false they do not have nucleus

36
Q

T or F prokaryotic cells is also called bacteria

A

true

37
Q

T or F prokaryotic cells THEY ARE THE WORLD’S BIGGEST CELL

A

false they are the world’s smallest cell

38
Q

T or F prokaryotic cells has circular DNA

A

true

39
Q

T or F prokaryotic cells do have membrane covered organelles

A

false do not have membrane-covered organelles

40
Q

T or F prokaryotic cells do not have ribosomes that make proteins

A

false do have ribosomes that make proteins

41
Q

T or F prokaryotic cells have a soft cell wall

A

false have hard cell walls

42
Q

T or F prokaryotic cells have a softer cell membrane against the inside of the wall

A

true

43
Q

T or F Eukaryotic has a nucleus

A

true

44
Q

T or F Eukaryotic is less complex than a prokaryotic

A

F eukaryotic cells are more complex

45
Q

T or F Eukaryotic are 10x larger

A

true

46
Q

T or F Eukaryotic high surface to volume ratio

A

true

47
Q

T or F Eukaryotic appered 3 billion years ago

A

false appered 2 billion years ago

48
Q

T or F Eukaryotic are older than parokayotic cells

A

false parokayotic cell are 1.5 billion years older than euraryotics

49
Q

T or F Eukaryotic all living things that are not viruses are eukaryotic

A

false all living things that are not bacteria are eukaryotic

50
Q

T or F Eukaryotic have membrane covered organelles

A

true

51
Q

T or F Eukaryotic have non-linear DNA

A

False have linear DNA

52
Q

T or F Eukaryotic all have cell walls

A

false some have cell walls (plants)

53
Q

T or F Eukaryotic many compartments allow different chemical processes to occur simultaneously.

A

true

54
Q

how do vaccines work

A

stimmulates our immune system to produce anti-bodies as though the body is infected called active immunity

55
Q

how does the immune system respond to viruses

A

Vaccines are like a training course for the immune system. They prepare the body to fight disease without exposing it to disease symptoms. When foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses enter the body, immune cells called lymphocytes respond by producing antibodies, which are protein molecules.

56
Q

What are simple precautions you can take to reduce infection by a virus? (5)

A
  • wash your hands frequently
  • cover mouth when you sneeze
  • stay at home when you are sick
  • avoid close contact
  • avoid touchung eyes nose or mouth
57
Q

Why are viruses not placed on the phylogenetic tree? List several reasons. (4)

A
  • They have no cellular structure
  • they can’t live without another cell
  • have no metabolism
  • they do not harvest or use energy
58
Q

difference between living cells and viruses (living cells)

A 
made of cells
metabolism
use energy
reproduce
respond to stimuli
59
Q

difference between living cells and viruses (viruses)

A
  • not a cell
  • no metabolism
  • no cell respiration
  • no host cells to reproduce
  • inactive
60
Q

what is most sorting based on

A

morphology

61
Q

define biodiversity

A

the richness of life seen in healthy ecosystems

62
Q

define autotroph

A

organisms that can make their own food

63
Q

define heterotrophs

A

organisms that must consume other organisms for food

64
Q

what happens to a food web when there are lots organisms

A

the ecosystem is still stable and has a better chance for survival and thrives under stress

65
Q

why is biodiversity important

A

Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play. For example, A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops. Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.

66
Q

Name 4 characteristics of bacteria

A

Lack of membrane bound organelles
Unicellular
Microscopic size
Prokaryotic cells

67
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

Grow and divide in a process called binary fashion

68
Q

Name 5 things bacteria can influence

A 
Obesity 
Heart diease
Brain
Immune system
Infant colic
69
Q

What are Protists

A

Eukaryotic organisms that can’t be classified as an animal, plant or fungi
Most are unicellular but some like algae are multicellular
Examples are see weed which grow to provide food and shelter for underwater ecosystems

70
Q

Where do they live and what is their nutritional system

A

Live all over the world most underwater or in moist soil

Hetrotrophs or autotrophs

71
Q

What are 4 facts about fungi

A

Examples: yeast, mold
Made of feathery filaments called hyphae
Multicellular and eukaryotic
Heterotrophs and gain nutrition through absorption

72
Q

Why are fungi important

A

Good for food, medicine, helps us understand certain science topics better like genetics.

73
Q

Why are wetlands important

A 
Reduce impacts from storms and flooding
Recharge ground water
Store Carbon
Control pests
Important sites for biodiversity
74
Q

How do humans destroy wetlands

A

By using pesticides
Destroying the land they occupy
Mining
Building things on top of wetlands

75
Q

How can we save the wetlands

A

Not building on wetlands
Participating in restoration programs
Plant only native trees to maintain balance

76
Q

What kingdom species don’t have cell walls

A

Animalia

77
Q

Which term describes an identification to all that uses a series of two-part choices

A

Dichotomous key

78
Q

Which type of diverse city describes the variety of heritable traits in a population of interbreeding individuals

A

Genetic diversity

79
Q

Which species concept focuses on the evolutionary relationships among organisms

A

Phylogenetic species concept

80
Q

In which Kingdom would you place an organism that is multicellular has a wall made of cellulose and is autotrophic

A

Plantae

81
Q

Which structure that makes up jeans is of most interest to modern taxonomic

A

DNA

82
Q

Which is the correct order of the categories of classification from the most diverse to the most specific

A

Domain Kingdom phylum class order family genus species

83
Q

What two kingdoms are not classified in the domain Eukarya

A

Bacteria and archaea

84
Q

And autotrophic prokaryote with no cell wall would be found in what kingdom

A

Archaea

85
Q

Which species concept focuses on the ability of organisms to interbreed in nature and produce viable fertile offspring

A

Biological species concept

Bio 11 (6 decks)

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