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Sciences > Bio Topic 7 > Flashcards

Bio Topic 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What do xylem vessels transport?

A

Water and minerals.

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2
Q

What do phloem vessels transport?

A

Sucrose and amino acids.

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3
Q

In which direction is water transported in a plant?

A

From roots to leaf.

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4
Q

In which direction are sucrose and amino acids transported in a plant?

A

From source to sink.

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5
Q

Which plant transport vessel transports sucrose and amino acids?

A

Phloem.

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6
Q

Which plant transport vessel carries water and minerals?

A

Xylem

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7
Q

What is a source?

A

Area of Production

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8
Q

What is a sink?

A

The place of need (e.g. storage, use)

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9
Q

What is the most common source of sucrose for a plant in summer?

A

Leaves

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10
Q

What is the most common source of sucrose for a plant in winter?

A

The plant’s roots.

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11
Q

Define transpiration.

A

The movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaf (diffuse out through stomata).

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12
Q

Define translocation

A

The movement of sucrose and amino acids from source to sink in the phloem vessel.

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13
Q

What is the name of the process by which sucrose and amino acids are transported from source to sink in the phloem?

A

Translocation.

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14
Q

What is the name of the process by which water and minerals are transported from roots to leaves in xylem?

A

Transpiration.

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15
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell?

A

To absorb water and ions.

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16
Q

What is the name of the plant cell that absorbs water from the soil?

A

Root hair cell.

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17
Q

Why do root hair cells have a large surface area?

A

To increase rate of absorption of water and ions.

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18
Q

What enables root hair cells to increase the rate of absorption of water and ions?

A

Large surface area

19
Q

Why do root hair cells have no chloroplasts?

A

They are underground, thus does not receive sunlight, meaning no need of chloroplast.

20
Q

Which structure usually found in plant cells is absent from a root hair cell?

A

Chloroplasts.

21
Q

Name the four tissues in a plant root, working from the outside inwards.

A

Root hair, Root cortex, Phloem, Xylem.

22
Q

What is the first cell a water molecule enters, when it is absorbed by a plant?

A

Root hair cell

23
Q

After leaving the root hair cell, through which tissue does water travel to get to the xylem vessels?

A

Root cortex.

24
Q

After leaving the xylem vessels, through which part of a leaf does water travel?

A

spongy mesophyll.

25
Q

Through which part of the lower epidermis does water evaporate from a leaf?

A

Stomata

26
Q

Name the four factors that affect the rate of transpiration.

A

Temperature, humidity, light intensity, wind speed

27
Q

Describe how increasing humidity affects the rate of transpiration.

A

Decreases water potential gradient, hence rate of osmosis is decreased.

28
Q

Describe how increasing temperature affects the rate of transpiration.

A

Temperature increase => transpiration rate increase

29
Q

Describe how increasing light intensity affects the rate of transpiration.

A

a

30
Q

Describe how increasing air movement affects the rate of transpiration.

A

Increased air movement => increased rate of transpiration

31
Q

Explain why increasing humidity decreases the rate of transpiration, using the term ‘concentration gradient’.

A

Humidity decreases the concentration of water molecules between the atmosphere and inside the leaf, decreasing the rate of transpiration.

32
Q

Explain why increasing temperature increases the rate of transpiration.

A

Increasing temperature increases the rate of evaporation as more water particles with higher energy escape the upper epidermis’s surface.

33
Q

Explain why increasing light intensity increases the rate of transpiration.

A

a

34
Q

Explain why increasing air movement increases the rate of transpiration using the term ‘concentration gradient’

A

More air movement = removal of more water vapor => allows more water to diffuse out of plant and thus increasing the concentration gradient.

35
Q

Describe how xylem and phloem are arranged in the root of a plant.

A

Xylem in a ‘X’ shape at the center.

Phloem in a circle around the xylem.

36
Q

Describe how xylem and phloem are arranged in the stem of a plant.

A

In vascular bundles

37
Q

Describe how xylem and phloem are arranged in the leaves of a plant.

A

a

38
Q

What is a vascular bundle?

A

a

39
Q

Which parts of a plant contain vascular bundles?

A

Stem

40
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Cohesion refers to the attraction of water particles to other water particles.

41
Q

What is the name of the forces that cause water molecules to stick together?

A

Cohesion

42
Q

How does cohesion allow transpiration to occur?

A

a

43
Q

How can water loss from leaves be measured?

A

The percentage change in mass.

44
Q

What can be measured by the percentage change in mass of a leaf?

A

The rate of transpiration (loss of water)

Sciences (10 decks)

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