Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sciences > Bio 6 > Flashcards

Bio 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the diet nutrients that human cells and tissues use (balanced diet).

A

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the role of the mouth?

A

Teeth and Tongue breaks food down into smaller pieces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the role of the salivary glands?

A

Produce saliva which contains Amylase to breakdown starch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a bolus?

A

A lump of swallowed and chewed food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of the oesophagus?

A

Bolus is moved from the mouth to stomach via the Oesophagus by peristalsis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Peristalsis refers to the waves muscle contractions in the walls of the alimentary canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of the stomach?

A

Acid and protease are secreted to start protein digestion.

Muscular wall churns food into liquid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of the liver?

A

Produces bile, Amino acids are broken down to urea, Glucose is removed from blood and stored as glycogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the gallbladder?

A

Stores bile from the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of the pancreas?

A

Secretes Pancreatic juices(alkaline) which neutralize the acidic food content.
+ Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the small intestine?

A

Digested food molecules and water are absorbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of the large intestine?

A

Water is absorbed from the remaining material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the anus?

A

Faeces are egested through the sphincter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the four types of teeth.

A

Incisor, Canine, Pre-molar, Molar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe mechanical digestion.

A

Physically breaks food down into smaller pieces.
> No chemical change/digestion!!!
Done by churning muscles/ Teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe chemical digestion.

A

Chemically breaks large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
> Enzymes

17
Q

Name some molecules which are small enough to not be digested.

A

Glucose, Minerals, Water, Vitamins.

18
Q

What does digestion mean?

A

Process of breaking down food(mechanical + chemical) in the alimentary canal so that substances an be used by body.

19
Q

Describe the shape + function of Incisors.

A

Front of mouth
Chisel shaped
Bite off/Cut food

20
Q

Describe the shape + function of Canines.

A

After Incisors
Sharp + pointy
Rip/Tear food

21
Q

Describe the shape + function of Pre-molars.

A

After Canines
Between canine and molar (roughish?)
Tear + grind food

22
Q

Describe the shape + function of Molars.

A

Back of mouth
Flat surface
Grind food

23
Q

What happens during tooth decay?

A
  • Food particles get stuck between teeth, forms plaque
  • Bacteria start to grow and produce acids
  • Acids corrode the enamel and expose the dentine.
  • When acid reaches the pulp cavity, it can cause pain.
24
Q

How can you prevent tooth decay?

A

Avoid sugary foods (bacteria respire)
Brush teeth regularly
Floss frequently

25
Q

How does toothpaste prevent tooth decay?

A

> Alkaline
Antibacterial substances such as mint
Mild abrasive that removes plaque
Contains fluoride - strengthens enamel + reduces acidic damage.

26
Q

What is the function of Bile?

A

Emulsifies fats into smaller pieces

> larger surface area - rate of digestion increases.

27
Q

What does emulsify mean?

A

Split into manageable sizes, particles.

28
Q

Where are Amylase produced?

A

Salivary glands, Pancreas.

29
Q

Where are Protease produced?

A

Stomach wall, Pancreas.

30
Q

Where are Lipase produced?

A

Pancreas.

31
Q

Describe the structure of the small intestine.

A

Lined with villi (lined with microvilli)

> increased surface area.

32
Q

Describe the adaptations of villi.

A

> Covered in thin layer of cells - so molecules don’t have to travel far.
Well supplied with blood capillaries - high conc. gradient
Lacteals

33
Q

Define absorption.

A

After digestion, small food molecules can diffuse across the intestinal wall and get absorbed/pulled into(…?)the body

34
Q

Describe the function of Lacteals.

A

Carry fat separately from rest of blood

- Fat doesn’t dissolve well in blood.

Sciences (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions