Bio 6

Question 1

Name the diet nutrients that human cells and tissues use (balanced diet).

Answer 1

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals.

Question 2

What is the role of the mouth?

Answer 2

Teeth and Tongue breaks food down into smaller pieces.

Question 3

What is the role of the salivary glands?

Answer 3

Produce saliva which contains Amylase to breakdown starch.

Question 4

What is a bolus?

Answer 4

A lump of swallowed and chewed food.

Question 5

What is the role of the oesophagus?

Answer 5

Bolus is moved from the mouth to stomach via the Oesophagus by peristalsis.

Question 6

What is peristalsis?

Answer 6

Peristalsis refers to the waves muscle contractions in the walls of the alimentary canal.

Question 7

What is the role of the stomach?

Answer 7

Acid and protease are secreted to start protein digestion.

Muscular wall churns food into liquid.

Question 8

What is the role of the liver?

Answer 8

Produces bile, Amino acids are broken down to urea, Glucose is removed from blood and stored as glycogen.

Question 9

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Answer 9

Stores bile from the liver

Question 10

What is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 10

Secretes Pancreatic juices(alkaline) which neutralize the acidic food content.
+ Amylase

Question 11

What is the role of the small intestine?

Answer 11

Digested food molecules and water are absorbed.

Question 12

What is the role of the large intestine?

Answer 12

Water is absorbed from the remaining material.

Question 13

What is the role of the anus?

Answer 13

Faeces are egested through the sphincter.

Question 14

Name the four types of teeth.

Answer 14

Incisor, Canine, Pre-molar, Molar.

Question 15

Describe mechanical digestion.

Answer 15

Physically breaks food down into smaller pieces.
> No chemical change/digestion!!!
Done by churning muscles/ Teeth.

Question 16

Describe chemical digestion.

Answer 16

Chemically breaks large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
> Enzymes

Question 17

Name some molecules which are small enough to not be digested.

Answer 17

Glucose, Minerals, Water, Vitamins.

Question 18

What does digestion mean?

Answer 18

Process of breaking down food(mechanical + chemical) in the alimentary canal so that substances an be used by body.

Question 19

Describe the shape + function of Incisors.

Answer 19

Front of mouth
Chisel shaped
Bite off/Cut food

Question 20

Describe the shape + function of Canines.

Answer 20

After Incisors
Sharp + pointy
Rip/Tear food

Question 21

Describe the shape + function of Pre-molars.

Answer 21

After Canines
Between canine and molar (roughish?)
Tear + grind food

Question 22

Describe the shape + function of Molars.

Answer 22

Back of mouth
Flat surface
Grind food

Question 23

What happens during tooth decay?

Answer 23

• Food particles get stuck between teeth, forms plaque
• Bacteria start to grow and produce acids
• Acids corrode the enamel and expose the dentine.
• When acid reaches the pulp cavity, it can cause pain.

Question 24

How can you prevent tooth decay?

Answer 24

Avoid sugary foods (bacteria respire)
Brush teeth regularly
Floss frequently

Question 25

How does toothpaste prevent tooth decay?

Answer 25

> Alkaline > Antibacterial substances such as mint > Mild abrasive that removes plaque > Contains fluoride - strengthens enamel + reduces acidic damage.

Question 26

What is the function of Bile?

Answer 26

Emulsifies fats into smaller pieces | > larger surface area - rate of digestion increases.

Question 27

What does emulsify mean?

Answer 27

Split into manageable sizes, particles.

Question 28

Where are Amylase produced?

Answer 28

Salivary glands, Pancreas.

Question 29

Where are Protease produced?

Answer 29

Stomach wall, Pancreas.

Question 30

Where are Lipase produced?

Answer 30

Pancreas.

Question 31

Describe the structure of the small intestine.

Answer 31

Lined with villi (lined with microvilli) | > increased surface area.

Question 32

Describe the adaptations of villi.

Answer 32

> Covered in thin layer of cells - so molecules don't have to travel far. > Well supplied with blood capillaries - high conc. gradient > Lacteals

Question 33

Define absorption.

Answer 33

After digestion, small food molecules can diffuse across the intestinal wall and get absorbed/pulled into(...?)the body

Question 34

Describe the function of Lacteals.

Answer 34

Carry fat separately from rest of blood | - Fat doesn't dissolve well in blood.