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Biology test 2 > bio test 6 > Flashcards

bio test 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the digestive system consists of a tubular

A

gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs

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2
Q

Mouth & pharnyx=

A

entry/mechanical dig

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3
Q

delivers food to stomach

A

Esophagus

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4
Q

preliminary digestion

A

Stomach

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5
Q

absorption and digestion

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

concentration of waste

A

Large intestine

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7
Q

waste storage

A

Rectum

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8
Q

Accessory organs=

A

liver pancreas gallbladder

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9
Q

which initiates the breakdown of starch

A

amylase

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10
Q

is controlled by the nervous system

A

Salivation

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11
Q

When food is ready to be swallowed the tongue is

A

moved it to the back of the mouth

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12
Q

is initiated by voluntary action,
then is continued under involuntary control

A

Swallowing

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13
Q

helps push food down

A

Peristalsis

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14
Q

is a muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

A

The esophagus

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15
Q

the stomach Contains an extra layer of smooth muscles
for mixing food with

A

gastric juice

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16
Q

The low pH in the stomach helps

A

digest food proteins

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17
Q

Small intestine is about

A

Is about 4.5 m long

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18
Q

Small intestine consists of

A

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

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19
Q

when you lack the enzyme lactose you become

A

lactose intolerance

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20
Q

is secreted into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct

A

Pancreatic fluid

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21
Q

Pancreas Host of enzymes:

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin,
pancreatic amylase, and lipase

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22
Q

is the body’s largest internal organ

A

The liver

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23
Q

Stores and concentrates bile

A

Gallbladder

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24
Q

Much shorter than small intestine, but larger in diameter

A

Large intestine or colon

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25
Q

Small intestine empties directly into the large
intestine at a junction were two vestigial
structures, __________ and _________ remain

A

cecum and appendix,

26
Q

Compacted feces are stored in the ______, until it can
be eliminated through the _______

A

rectum, anus

27
Q

Chemically modifies the substances
absorbed from the digestive tract before
they reach the rest of the body

A

liver

28
Q

brain gives signal that your full

A

Leptin

29
Q

Transmits information to/from CNS

Carries orders from brain to muscle

Paired left/right nerves

Cranial Nerves upper body

A

Peripheral Nervous System

30
Q

Homeostasis

Coordination of movement

A

Brainstem

31
Q

Coordinate movement and balance

A

Cerebellum

32
Q

Homeostasis

Melatonin Production

A

Diencephalon

33
Q

Information Processing

Higher thinking

A

Cerebrum

34
Q

all require the same
basic things

A

Sensory systems

35
Q

take external stimuli and create
nerve impulse

A

Receptors

36
Q

Auricle (pinna) and auditory canal

A

Outer Ear:

37
Q

Tympanic Membrane, Ear Bones

A

Middle Ear

38
Q

Cochlea, Vestibular Organs

A

Inner Ear

39
Q

light enters through the

A

iris

40
Q

Light is focused by

A

lens

41
Q

contains receptor cells

A

Retina

42
Q

Dopamine release by the

A

nucleus accumbens

43
Q

particularly drives craving

A

Dopamine

44
Q

The nucleus accumbens also coordinates with the
________ in a way that leads your brain to
start planning for and taking action to seek the
drug

A

prefrontal cortex

45
Q

Testes contain highly-convoluted
_____________, the sites of sperm
production and

A

seminiferous tubules

46
Q

Testosterone produced converts genitalia
into ______

A

penis and scrotum

47
Q

Sperm are delivered into the ____________ for
storage and maturation

A

epididymis

48
Q

From there, sperm enter another long tube,
the ____________, then the _________, which
empties into the penis

A

vas deferens, urethra

49
Q

Glands assist in the production of __________, a
complex mixture of fluids & sperm

A

semen

50
Q

The _________ consists of erectile tissue columns

A

penis

51
Q

Estrogen levels cause ___________ to
thicken

A

endometrium

52
Q

Hormones cause follicle to rupture
releasing egg into _____________

A

Fallopian tube

53
Q

The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the

A

duodenum

54
Q

Where does protein digestion begin

A

Stomach

55
Q

Lipases are enzymes that break down ________

A

lipids

56
Q

Which process involves the rhythmic contraction of muscles in the esophagus that carries food down to the stomach

A

peristalsis

57
Q

What happens, digestion-wise, in the large intestine

A

Mainly absorption of water and some vitamins

58
Q

What type of cells make up the nervous system?

A

Neurons

59
Q

Which nerve carries information from the nose to the brain?

A

Olfactory

60
Q

Which functions are controlled by the cerebellum?

A

Posture and coordination

61
Q

What is the neurotransmitter GABA involved with?

A

Calming

62
Q

Which part of the human eyes contains the receptor cells (rods and cones)?

A

Retina

Biology test 2 (9 decks)

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