bio test 6 Flashcards
the digestive system consists of a tubular
gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs
Mouth & pharnyx=
entry/mechanical dig
delivers food to stomach
Esophagus
preliminary digestion
Stomach
absorption and digestion
Small intestine
concentration of waste
Large intestine
waste storage
Rectum
Accessory organs=
liver pancreas gallbladder
which initiates the breakdown of starch
amylase
is controlled by the nervous system
Salivation
When food is ready to be swallowed the tongue is
moved it to the back of the mouth
is initiated by voluntary action,
then is continued under involuntary control
Swallowing
helps push food down
Peristalsis
is a muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
The esophagus
the stomach Contains an extra layer of smooth muscles
for mixing food with
gastric juice
The low pH in the stomach helps
digest food proteins
Small intestine is about
Is about 4.5 m long
Small intestine consists of
duodenum, jejunum and ileum
when you lack the enzyme lactose you become
lactose intolerance
is secreted into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct
Pancreatic fluid
Pancreas Host of enzymes:
trypsin, chymotrypsin,
pancreatic amylase, and lipase
is the body’s largest internal organ
The liver
Stores and concentrates bile
Gallbladder
Much shorter than small intestine, but larger in diameter
Large intestine or colon
Small intestine empties directly into the large
intestine at a junction were two vestigial
structures, __________ and _________ remain
cecum and appendix,
Compacted feces are stored in the ______, until it can
be eliminated through the _______
rectum, anus
Chemically modifies the substances
absorbed from the digestive tract before
they reach the rest of the body
liver
brain gives signal that your full
Leptin
Transmits information to/from CNS
Carries orders from brain to muscle
Paired left/right nerves
Cranial Nerves upper body
Peripheral Nervous System
Homeostasis
Coordination of movement
Brainstem
Coordinate movement and balance
Cerebellum
Homeostasis
Melatonin Production
Diencephalon
Information Processing
Higher thinking
Cerebrum
all require the same
basic things
Sensory systems
take external stimuli and create
nerve impulse
Receptors
Auricle (pinna) and auditory canal
Outer Ear:
Tympanic Membrane, Ear Bones
Middle Ear
Cochlea, Vestibular Organs
Inner Ear
light enters through the
iris
Light is focused by
lens
contains receptor cells
Retina
Dopamine release by the
nucleus accumbens
particularly drives craving
Dopamine
The nucleus accumbens also coordinates with the
________ in a way that leads your brain to
start planning for and taking action to seek the
drug
prefrontal cortex
Testes contain highly-convoluted
_____________, the sites of sperm
production and
seminiferous tubules
Testosterone produced converts genitalia
into ______
penis and scrotum
Sperm are delivered into the ____________ for
storage and maturation
epididymis
From there, sperm enter another long tube,
the ____________, then the _________, which
empties into the penis
vas deferens, urethra
Glands assist in the production of __________, a
complex mixture of fluids & sperm
semen
The _________ consists of erectile tissue columns
penis
Estrogen levels cause ___________ to
thicken
endometrium
Hormones cause follicle to rupture
releasing egg into _____________
Fallopian tube
The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the
duodenum
Where does protein digestion begin
Stomach
Lipases are enzymes that break down ________
lipids
Which process involves the rhythmic contraction of muscles in the esophagus that carries food down to the stomach
peristalsis
What happens, digestion-wise, in the large intestine
Mainly absorption of water and some vitamins
What type of cells make up the nervous system?
Neurons
Which nerve carries information from the nose to the brain?
Olfactory
Which functions are controlled by the cerebellum?
Posture and coordination
What is the neurotransmitter GABA involved with?
Calming
Which part of the human eyes contains the receptor cells (rods and cones)?
Retina
