Bio test 2 Flashcards
Lives in high salt environments
Halophile
Lives in high temperatures
Thermophiles
The domain comprised of organisms whose cells
contain true nucleus
Eukarya
single-celled microorganisms that have no cell
nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles
Archaea
Group of microscopic single-celled organisms that
live in unfathomable numbers in nearly every
environment on earth
Bacteria
Fission
– Most divide every 1-3 hrs
– Very short generation times
– High rate of evolution
Bacterial Reproduction
do not reproduce sexually
– However, rapid division spreads mutations
fast
– Creates numerous cells with novel mutation
quickly
Genetic Diversity in Bacteria
Nitrogen Fixation, Decomposition,
Symbionts
Ecological Role of Bacteria
emission of light by
living organism via enzyme-catalyzed
reaction
Bacterial “headlights” of the Flashlight Fish
Bioluminescence
organisms that break
down dead or
decaying organisms
- Bacteria
– Fungi
– Arthropoda
Decomposers
Only bacteria that lack cell walls
* This make them very resistant to antibiotics
Mycoplasmas
Membrane Bound Nucleus
– Membrane bound organelles
* Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Golgi
Eukaryotic Characteristics
Protozoa
Protozoan Feeding Styles
Heterotrophic Autotrophic
Photosynthetic protozoans
– Euglena, Vovox
Autotrophic
Consume other organisms
– Amoeba
Heterotrophic
in protozoans occurs via
sexual and asexual reproduction
Reproduction
Single nuclear division
* Two identical offspring
Binary Fission
Repeated nuclear division
* Several identical offspring
Multiple Fission
Causes “beaver fever”. Symptoms include diarrhea, stomach pain, and greasy poops.
heterotroph
Giardia intestinalis
Found in Parabasalids
heterotroph
Sexually transmitted disease, particularly in urinary tract and vagina
Trichomonas vaginalis
heterotroph
Transmitted by insects and cause Chagas disease. Symptoms include fever and inflammation of heart.
Trypanosoma
autotroph
Marine plankton that are important source of global oxygen, but can also cause toxic red tides.
Dinoflagellates
Found In Ciliates
heterotroph
Move using small hairs or cilia along their body.
Paramecium
Found in Brown algae
autotroph
Large plant-like organism that forms “kelp forests” in ocean. Can be important human food.
Kelp
Above ground
– Photosynthesis
– Reproduction
Shoots
– Below ground
– Obtain water, minerals
– Anchor plants in place
– Some storage
Roots
Conducts water, minerals
– From root to shoot
Xylem
Conducts sugars
– From leaf to root
Phloem
Bring in CO2
– Capture light
– Make sugar
– Release oxygen
Above Ground Portion
Absorb water
Absorb nutrients
Below Ground Portion
Conversion of light energy to chemical
energy that is stored in sugar or other
organic compound
– Plants
– Algae
– Some prokaryotes
Photosynthesis
How Plants Colonized the Land
Plant Diversity
- First fossil evidence ~380 mya
- First Seed Bearing Plants
– ~360 mya
Lived with Lycopods
– Permian dried and favored conifers
Earliest true
– ~305 mya
gymnosperms
– Small, wind dispersed
– Tolerable of poor conditions
– Single celled
Early spores
Multicellular
– Large seed coat
– Supply of food
Seeds
Flowers and Fruit
Angiosperms
Heterotrophs
– Absorb rather than ingest
– Decomposers, parasites, mutualists
Fungus
ecological interaction that
benefits each interacting species
Mutualism
organism that “feeds” on
another (the host)
Parasitism
