Bio test 4 Flashcards
early amphibious vertebrates evolved from
sarcopterygians
3 orders in class:
Anura (frogs), caudata (salamanders) Gymnophiona (caecillians)
Frogs and toads
Cloaca – common opening fort the digestive urinary and reproductive tracts
No tail
Protruding eyes ( come out of skull and used for swallowing)
Amphibia- Anura
Change in form of an animal after the embryonic stage
Metamorphosis
salamanders and Newts
No claws or toes
Smooth skin no scales
Mucus skin
Tail automy
Mostly internal fertilization
Amphibia-Caudata
Retention in an adult organism of the juvenile features of its evolutionary ancestors
Paedomorphosis
Caecilians
Lack limbs
Eyes are small and covered with skin
Pair of tentacles between eyes and nostrials
Amphibia- Gymnophiona
Clade named for key adaptation:
amniotic egg
Contains specialized membranes, including the fluid filled amnion that protect the embryo
Amniotes
Walk on two legs (bipedal)
Mostly carnivore
Shorten forearms with limited motion
Major Groups- Tyrannosaurs, Allosaurs, velociraptors, Coelophysoids, Birds
Theropod
Endothermic
Four Chambered Heart
Feathers
Unique Digestive and respiratory systems
Skeleton Modification (Pneumatic Bones, Furcula(wishbone), large Keeled sternum)
Vocalization
Nesting
birds
First Mammals recordedin
triassic
Mammals Did not radiate until
after dino went extinct
Asteroid diameter 6mi
- Velocity 50,000mph
- Kinetic energy released 300 million nuclear bombs
- 400km dust and debris fallout.
Global winter for 3 years
K-T Boundary Event
Factors in the Diversification of Mammals
Evolution of flowering seeds
Separation, and isolation, of continents
Ecological release from dinosaurs
Commonly referred to as “warm blooded”
Generated heat from combustion of food
Endothermy
Benefits of Endothermy
activity in cold/night, and certain places
Disadvantages of Endothermy
Need to eat to resupply energy
Reduce Cost of Endothermic Homeothermy
Most diverse group of mamals is
Rodents
What kind of fish did amphibians evolve from
Sacropterygians
What is one thing that had to happen for tetrapods to move out onto land
Girdles attached limbs to vertebral column
What does tetrapod mean
four legs
What type of animal would you find in the order caudata
Salamanders
What is not a reason that amphibians are becoming rare and endangered
Their bodies are shrinking in size
What is ornithology
study of birds
What type of animals did birds evolve from
Theropod dinosaur
What is one character that alligators and birds share
four chambered hearts
What does a bird’s gizzard do
It mechanically grinds food with rocks
What is unique about bird breathing
Oxygenated air passes through their lungs when inhaling and exhaling
