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BIO 30S > BIO TEST #3 > Flashcards

BIO TEST #3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is crohn’s disease

A

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurrent episodes of intestinal inflammation

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2
Q

causes of Crohns

A
  • faulty immune system
  • Genetics
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3
Q

symptoms of crohn’s

A

-fever
-diarrhea
fatigue

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4
Q

treatments of crohn’s

A
  • certain steroids
  • Azathioprine
  • mercaptopurine
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5
Q

what body parts use chemical digestion

A

mouth, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine

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6
Q

what parts of the body use mechanical digestion

A

mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, and anus

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7
Q

order of food passing through the digestive system

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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8
Q

what enzyme breaks down lipids

A

lipase

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9
Q

what enzyme breaks down carbs

A

pancreatic amylase

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10
Q

what enzyme breaks down proteins

A

trypsin

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11
Q

polar substance

A

-contains oppositely changed regions within the same molecule and are hydrophilic.
- doesn’t mix with non-polar substance
- water, ethanol dissolves in another polar substance

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12
Q

non-polar substance

A
  • does not have distinct positive and negative regions and are hydrophobic
    -oil, gasoline
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13
Q

emulsification

A

a process by which fat globules are broken down into tiny fat droplets

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14
Q

segmentation

A

contraction and relaxation of the small intestine intestinal wall that pushes chyme back and forth

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15
Q

peristalsis

A

nokia being pushed down the esophagus by strong, rhythmic, wave like contractions

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16
Q

four main steps of digestion

A

movement, digestion, absorption, and egestion

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17
Q

movement

A

food travels down the digestive tract

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18
Q

digestion

A

consists of mechanical and chemical breakdown

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19
Q

absorption

A

the transfer of digested nutrients from the digestive system to your bloodstream

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20
Q

egestion

A

the removal of waste food materials from the body

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21
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

-pH of 8.5
- slightly basic and neutralizes the acidic chyme

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22
Q

what is bile and where is it produced

A
  • made in the liver
  • yellowish green liquid that helps digest lipids/ fats
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23
Q

cardiac sphincter

A
  • valve between esophagus and the stomach
  • prevent reflux of stomach acids into the esophagus
24
Q

pyloric sphincter

A
  • valve between stomach and the small intestine intestinal wall
  • controls the emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine intestinal wall
25
Q

what is the food called after it’s mixed with the gastric acid

A

chyme

26
Q

how many muscles layers is the stomach made up of?

A

3 layers

27
Q

3 different types of salivary glands

A

-parotid glands
-submandibular glands
-sublingual glands

28
Q

what are the four different types of teeth

A

incisor, canine, premolar, and molar

29
Q

chemical and mechanical digestion in the mouth

A

chem: saliva containing enzyme that breaks down starches
mech: food being chewed

30
Q

chemical and mechanical digestion in the stomach

A

mech: the stomach muscles churning food
chem: the stomach muscles mixing the food with gastric acid

31
Q

chemical and mechanical digestion in the small intestine

A

mech: segmentation describes the contraction and relaxation of the small intestine intestinal
chem: the pancreas produces pancreatic juices which is secreted

32
Q

chemical and mechanical digestion in the large intestine

A

chem: indigestible food matter is digested by enteric bacteria that thrives in the large intestine

33
Q

the digestive tract organ

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

34
Q

the accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

35
Q

mouth

A

-where digestion begins

36
Q

teeth

A
  • crushes and cuts food into smaller pieces
37
Q

salivary glands

A

-produces saliva
- saliva lubricants food

38
Q

tongue

A
  • made up of several muscles
    -pushes food to pharynx for swallowing
39
Q

Pharynx

A

-space behind oral cavity
- has a space called the epiglottis
-epiglottis is a flap that
prevents food from going down

40
Q

esophagus

A
  • a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach contents into
    -uses peristalsis
41
Q

stomach

A
  • j shaped organ containing 3 layers of muscles
    -mixes food with gastric juice to make it chyme
42
Q

small intestine

A
  • most of the digestion of nutrients occurs and is completed in the small intestine
43
Q

large intestine

A
  • water absorption
  • absorption of vitamins
  • removes undigested food
44
Q

pancreas

A

-produces pancreatic juice which is secreted into the duodenum of the small intestine intestinal chem

45
Q

liver

A

-makes and secretes bile
- purifies new blood with nutrients coming from the small intestine

46
Q

gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates the bile from the liver

47
Q

rectum

A

-stores feces before elimination

48
Q

anus

A
  • ending period of gastrointestinal tract where feces leave the body
49
Q

amylase

A

an enzyme that breaks down starches mech

50
Q

what five tastes can the tongue detect

A

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

51
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

-pH of 2
- acidity kills ingested bacteria and denatures proteins

52
Q

pepsin

A

an enzyme made glands in the stomach wall that breaks down proteins into polypeptides

53
Q

rugae

A
  • gastric folds in the stomach allowing the stomach to expand when large amount of food is present
54
Q

mucus

A
  • protects the stomach from HCI corrosion and prevents the stomach from digesting itself
55
Q

3 sections of small intestine

A
  • duodenum
    -jejunom
  • ileum
56
Q

villi

A

-finger like projections located on the surface of the small intestinal wall
- increase maximal absorption

57
Q

microvilli

A

-tiny, brush- border projections found on the surface of cells that make up the villi

BIO 30S (3 decks)

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