BIO TEST #2

Question 1

dehydration synthesis

Answer 1

A reaction that joins monomers to create dimers or polymers by removing H2O

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

a reaction that splits apart a polymer into shorter molecules by adding H2O

Question 3

examples of macromolecules

Answer 3

Nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

Question 4

why do we need to eat?

Answer 4

because food provides our body with things we cant produce and helps with growth and development

Question 5

monosaccharide

Answer 5

single carbohydrate molecule

Question 6

disaccharide

Answer 6

two carbohydrate molecules linked together

Question 7

Polysaccharide

Answer 7

more than 3 carbohydrate molecules linked together

Question 8

amino acid

Answer 8

a molecule that combines to make protein

Question 9

saturated

Answer 9

solid at room temp. and is animal based like fats and lards

Question 10

unsaturated

Answer 10

liquid at room temp. and are plant based like oils

Question 11

triglyceride

Answer 11

a molecule made up of one glycerol linked to three fatty chains

Question 12

hormones

Answer 12

molecule that acts like a Messager to the body

Question 13

carbohydrates functions

Answer 13

they help with brain activity and brain functions

Question 14

starch

Answer 14

they store energy in plants

Question 15

glycogen

Answer 15

In humans they store energy in the liver

Question 16

cellulose

Answer 16

cellulose is used is used to help build up plants cells cell wall

Question 17

glucose

Answer 17

Its a primary source of energy, its a type of carbohydrate with a reaction of C6H12O6

Question 18

where does the digestion of carbs take place

Answer 18

in the small intestine

Question 19

what are the building blocks of lipids

Answer 19

glycerol, and three fatty acids. lipids are found in fats, oils and steroids

Question 20

Lipids function

Answer 20

they are a source or energy, they insulate the body, cushion organs, and important for hormones

Question 21

monounsaturated

Answer 21

contains one c-c double bond

Question 22

polyunsaturated

Answer 22

contains more than one c-c double bond

Question 23

where does lipid digestion take place

Answer 23

In the small intestine

Question 24

protein functions

Answer 24

they are a source of energy, they help build muscles and bone. they are important to make enzymes and hormones

Question 25

4 stages of protein

Answer 25

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 26

primary stage

Answer 26

the order of amino acids in a chain

Question 27

secondary stage

Answer 27

a polypeptide chain of amino acids fold into two kinds of

Question 28

tertiary

Answer 28

Alpha helics and beta-pleated sheets are folded and held together by bonds

Question 29

tertiary

Answer 29

Alpha helics and beta-pleated sheets are folded and held together by bonds

Question 30

how does protein differ from carbohydrates and lipids

Answer 30

they take longer to break down

Question 31

cholesterol

Answer 31

a substance in your blood and liver. it helps make hormones

Question 32

what are the building blocks of protein

Answer 32

amino acids

Question 33

what are essential amino acids

Answer 33

essential amino acids are ones we cannot make and must get from food

Question 34

where does protein digestion take place

Answer 34

takes place in the small intestine

Question 35

what happens when a protein changes shape

Answer 35

it’s called protein denaturation

Question 36

the induced fit theory

Answer 36

the enzyme needs to change shape to bind the substrate

Question 37

lock and key model

Answer 37

the enzyme and substrate need to match

Question 38

functions that affect enzymes

Answer 38

things like temperature, substrate and pH

Question 39

explain the relationship between a substrate and a enzyme

Answer 39

the enzyme and substrate bind together in the active site, the enzyme holds the substrate so the reactions can occur

Question 40

when a bonds weaken what happens

Answer 40

the enzyme is now dentures and your body cannot use it

Question 41

how do enzymes affect activation energy

Answer 41

they increase the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 42

what is a catalyst

Answer 42

a catalyst is a substance that speed up reactions

Question 43

how do enzymes work in our body

Answer 43

they are used over and over again to create large amounts of products

Question 44

organic

Answer 44

contains carbon and hydrogen, they have covalent bonds, tend to me large

Question 45

inorganic

Answer 45

doesn’t need hydrogen and carbon, usually small and ionic

Question 46

carbohydrates molecules

Answer 46

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 47

hexose

Answer 47

6 carbon like glucose

Question 48

pentose

Answer 48

5 carbon like ribose

Question 49

pentose

Answer 49

5 carbon like ribose

Question 50

isomers

Answer 50

some molecular formula, different structural formula

Question 51

lipid molecules

Answer 51

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen

Question 52

proteins molecules

Answer 52

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur

Question 53

what are simple sugars?

Answer 53

carbohydrates that are made up of two or more molecules of glucose

Question 54

why is fiber important

Answer 54

it helps digestive functions, it also helps remove toxic substances

Question 55

what can happen if you eat too much saturated fats

Answer 55

It will raise your cholesterol and increase your risk of heart attack

Question 56

what are vitamins

Answer 56

they are a chemical substance that helps make your body use energy, build protein, make cells, and repair injuries

Question 57

4 examples of food high in protein

Answer 57

eggs, fish, meat, and yogurt

Question 58

hierarchy of carbohydrates

Answer 58

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

Question 59

Hierarchy of proteins

Answer 59

amino acids
dipeptide
polypeptide