Bio Test #2 Flashcards
What are the four types of tissue?
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
What is epithelial tissue?
It lines body cavities and outer surfaces, and it protects and forms glands that produce hormones, enzymes, and sweat.
What is connective tissue?
Supports and protects structures, fills empty space, includes, tendons, ligaments, bones, cartilage, and blood.
What are the four parts of blood?
- Platelets (clotting)
- Plasma
- White blood cells (fights infection)
- Red blood cells (carries o2)
What is muscle tissue?
Allows for movement
1. Skeletal tissue - muscles controlled/voluntary
2. Smooth tissue - blood vessels, stomach (involuntary)
3. Cardiac tissue - heart (involuntary)
What is nervous tissue?
Responds to stimuli and transmits and stores info, receives info from inside and outside body
Ligament vs tendon
Tendons connect muscle to bone and ligaments connect bone to bone
What is an organ?
An organ is a group of tissues that perform a specific function, they are made up of different types of tissues.
What is an organ system?
It consists of a group of organs that work together to cary out specific duties in the body
Organs in the digestive system and the functions
- The MOUTH contains glands that secrete mucus, saliva, and enzymes to start breaking down food (digestive starts in mouth)
- The TOUNGE moves food to back of throat
- The food travels past the PHARYNX through the ESOPHAGUS (tube that food goes through from peristalsis - rhythmic contractions that smooths muscles to STOMACH
- The EPIGLOTTIS is a flap attached to root of tongue and entrance to LARYNX (voice box), it flips between esophagus and trachea, depending on eating or breathing
- STOMACH churns food and mixes. with digestive juices and enzymes
- Nutrients move to SMALL INTESTINE, the nutrients are absorbed
- Waste/food moves to LARGE INTESTINE where water is absorbed
- Solid waste stored in rectum and exit anus
Not part of system but part of system:
- Liver secreates bile and breaks down fat
- Gallbladder stores bile
- Pancreas secreates its juice, insulin, and enzymes into intestine
What are arteries?
Thick-walled vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from heart to tissues
What are veins?
Carly deoxygenated blood back to heart, blood flowing through veins is at lower pressure than in arteries (has thinner walls), contains valves so blood does not flow backwards.
What are capillaries?
Connects veins and arteries, oxygen and carbon dioxide flow in and out of them by diffusion
Organs and functions in the excretory system?
- Blood flows through KIDNEYS, water removed by NEPHRONS
- Wastes form URINE
- Urine moves out of kidneys down the UTERUS and the URINARY BLADDER where stored until eliminated, through the URETHA
- Skin is also part of system as it excretes water, salts, and urea in sweat
Organs and functions in the respiratory system?
- During breath, air passes through NOSE/MOUTH
- Then through PHARYNX
- Past LARYNX (voice box)
- Into TRACHEA (tube ringed with cartilage)
- Into BRONCHI
- Into smaller BRONCHIOLES
- Then ALVEOLI (tiny air sacks - GAS EXCHANGE), which are surrounded with CAPILLARIES (thin-walled blood vessels)
- Into diaphragm at end
- CO2 is picked up from cells and travels fro blood stream across alveoli
- Oxygen travels from alveoli through capillaries into blood to cells in body
Function on skeletal system?
Skeletal system
- Contains bones and cartilage
- Supports and protects body
- Allows movement
Function on muscular system?
- Contains 3 types of muscle, tendons, and ligament’s
- Moves body
Female and Male reproductive system organs and functions?
Female
- Contains ovaries (stored eggs), Fallopian tubes (links to ovaries and uterus), uterus (where babies develop), and vagina (opening in females)
Male
- Contains testes (produce sperm), epididymis (stores sperm), vas deferens (connecting tube), urethra (travels through penis)
What is fertilization?
The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.
Breathing and exhaling
When you inhale your rib cage rises, and your diaphragm contracts and moves downward, which increases your chest cavity (increase in volume of cavity causes decrease in internal air pressure)
Air rushes in your lungs to equalize pressure
When you exhale your ride cage lowers, diaphragm relaxes and moves up, decreasing size of chest cavity and increases the internal air pressure
Flow chart of Excretory system (top to bottom of labeling diagram)
- Aorta
- Kidney
- Vena Cava
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
Flow chart of digestive system (labeling diagram)
- Mouth
- Past pharnayx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Rectum
- Anus
Know the liver, gallbladder, appendix, pancreas
Flow chart of Circulatory system
- Right atrium
- Tricuspid
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary valve
- Pulmonary artery
- Lungs
- Pulmonary vein
- Left atrium
- Bicuspid
- Left ventricle
- Aortic valve
- Aortia
- Body
- Inferior and superior vena cava
Flow chart of respiratory system
- Nose/mouth
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Broncioles
- Alveoli
- Capillaries
Function of dermis and epidermis
They are both part of the integumentary system
Epidermis
Outer layer made up of epithelial tissue, prevents bacteria and viruses from entering body, makes vitamin D when exposed to sun
Dermis
Inner layer of connective tissue, nervous, and muscle, provides structure and support, releases excess heat, secreates sweat to cool body, has layer of fat, contains nerves sensitive to pain, pressure, heat, cold, and sends info to brain, muscles produce goosebumps (hair thickens for warmth when cold to make us look big when scared)
Arteries vs veins (4)
Arteries are thicker walled and veins are thinner
Arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood
Arteries do not have valves and veins do have valves
Arteries carry blood towards heart and veins carry blood away
ONLY EXCEPTION is pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
Flow chart of frog
- Tongue
- Mouth
- Gullet
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Intestines
- Cloaca (opening material exists)
3 things learned from documentary
- Babies have a hole in skull when born
- All babies are born with blue eyes and will change pretty quick (unless they are blue)
- Sylvia contains enzymes to help digest the starch in your food
What is nervous system?
- Contains brain, nerves, spinal cord
- Coordinates and responses activity
- Controls body functions
What is endocrine system?
- Contains glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes
- Organs secreate hormones to control metabolism, growth and development
What is the lymphatic system?
- Contains white blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels
- Protects body from disease
- Absorbs and transports fats
Function and about lungs
- Organ that allows to breathe in oxygen and out carbon dioxide
- Humans have two lung cavity in chest area, which is enclosed by ribs, chest muscles, and DIAPHRAGM
- Lungs are separated by thin layer of fluid (pleura) which protects lungs and reduces friction
What are tissues?
Group of cells that function together to perform specialized tasks
Function of respiratory organ system?
All cells in the body need oxygen to produce energy for cellular respiration, growth and reproduction
Function of excretory organ system?
Filters waste products from body and maintains proper levels of water and electrolytes
Function of integumentary system?
Made up of skin and accessory structures (nails, antlers, hair, etc)
What is homeostasis and how your body contains it
It is a steady state. There is an acceptable range of physical and chemical condition with body cells tissue and organs can operate efficiently. Maintain stable internal environment
