Bio cycles, ecosystems, biomes, etc Flashcards
What is a species?
A group of similar organisms in an ecosystem. Members of the same species can reproduce viable offspring.
What is population?
A group of members of the same species that live in the same area
What is a community?
Made up of populations of different species that live in interact in an area
What is niche?
All the interaction of a given species within its ecosystem
What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a complex self regulating system in which living things interact with each other and with nonliving things.
What is ecology?
The study of how organisms interact with each other in the environment.
What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the number of different types or a variety of organisms in an area (more types of organisms in an area equals the more biodiversity). High biodiversity is associated with a healthy sustainable ecosystem.
What is an autotroph?
Their organisms that make their own food (producers).
What is a heterotroph?
They cannot produce their own food (consumers)
What are the different types of consumers?
Herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, detritivores (feed on organic matter), decomposers (break down organic matter and release nutrients back into ecosystem ex bacteria)
How do producers obtain energy?
They carry out photosynthesis to obtain energy
How do consumers obtain energy?
They eat other organisms
What is a food chain?
They show the feeding relationships among organisms starting with a producer.
What is a food web?
Shows complicated feeding relationships, interconnected food chains
What is an energy pyramid?
Shows the amount of available energy the producers and consumers contain as energy flows through the ecosystem.
Describe the Energy pyramid
The sun has the most amount of energy then the producer then primary and secondary and tertiary being the least. Every time you move of the food pyramid your Time is it by 0.10 J.
What is competition?
Interaction between two or more organisms competing for the same resource in a given habitat (resource, space, food, mate)
What is predation?
One organism eating another organism to obtain food. Ex bird eating turtle
What is Symbiosis?
Close interaction between two different species and which members of one species live in, on or near members of another species.
What is mutualism?
Two types of symbiosis in which both species benefit from the symbiotic partnership.
What is commensalism?
Type of symbiosis in which one species benefits from the relationship without harming or helping other species. Ex bird and tree
What is parasitism?
Type of symbiosis and which one species benefits from the relationship at the expensive the other species ex tics on dog or zombie snail
What is an abiotic factor?
Nonliving factors or influences on organisms.
What is a biotic factor?
Factors caused by the presence and rules of other living things for example competition for space, mates and food.
Names of all biomes
Deciduous forests, boreal forests, tundra, grasslands, temperate coniferous forest, aquatic biomes (marine snd freshwater)
What is the deciduous forest?
Found in southern and eastern parts of Canada. Mostly southern. Highest biodiversity in the world define winter and summer. Lots of precipitation and animals. dominated by deciduous trees (lose leaves), ex maple, oak
What are the boreal forests?
Found north of deciduous forests. Most of northern of deciduous trees, bears, wolves, hawks, etc. dominated by confiderous trees, cones and needles
What is the tundra
Found in the Arctic and coastline on Hudsons and west of James Bay. No trees just small shrubs no grass, mosses, and lichens. Lowest biodiversity. Lots of arctic animals and permafrost is a soil layer that never thaws.
What are grasslands?
Eastern Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains. The prairies or Manitoba Saskatchewan and Alberta. Very few in Ontario and few trees covered in various kinds of grasses and shrubs. And lots of herbivores.
What is the temperate coniferous forest?
Western British Columbia and has hyper cipitation period warm wet and mild winters. Different types of needle and cone bearing trees in the boreal forest. there are vultures trumpeter swans bears and lynx
What are the two aquatic biomes?
Marine biome:
High salt content. Ocean coral reefs ocean floor intertidal zones. Hudson and James bay
Freshwater:
Very low salt content. Lakes streams rivers wetlands. Great Lakes St. , Lawrence river
Steps of water cycle
The sun heats the surface of the water and it evaporates into the atmosphere. The atmosphere what are exist as a gas water vapor. As it cools condom sense to form clouds then it first earth as part of precipitation (rain, hai.,
The sun heats the surface of the water and it evaporates into the atmosphere. The atmosphere what are exist as a gas water vapor. As it cools it condenses to form clouds then it falls to earth as part of precipitation (rain, hail, snow, etc). As it hits the ground it runs off or collects in streams into larger bodies of water. Some water myself through the soil seepage incorrect an underground Lakes as aquifers. Some water is taken up by plants this can be released back into the atmosphere by transpiration.
What is a nutrient cycle?
The process of moving nutrient back-and-forth between biotic and a biotic parts of an ecosystem.
What is a reservoir?
Any place or matter accumulates
Explain nitrogen cycle
The motorcycle is done through nitrogen fixage. one is nitrogen fixing bacteria soil. Fixing bacteria and soil converts nitrogen into ammonia N2-NH3. Wait you’re fine bacteria and soil converts ammonia into nitrites then nitrates. NH3-No2-NO3
Then you have nitron in fixing bacteria in plants. Plants called legumes have nodules on their roots that house nitrogen fixing bacteria. These bacteria convert nitrogen directly to nitrate. N2-No3negative
Finally there’s lightning. Oxygen in the atmosphere to make nitrate. N2+O2=NO3. It is responsible for only 1% of the world nitrogen fixage.
What does denitrifying bacteria do?
In soil converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas which returns to atmosphere.
What are some carbon reservoirs?
Worlds Forest (biotic), fossil fuels (abiotic), oceans (abiotic)
2 most important are
-photosynthesis
-cellular respiration
Describe carbon cycle
A small fraction of sunlight that reaches earth is absorbed by chlorophyll. What is a substance in plants that converts sunlight energy into chemical energy, which is that used for all the processes in the cells( is photosynthesis). Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight = glucose plus oxygen
Cellular respiration is the process used to obtain energy from glucose. Glucose +oxygen =carbon dioxide + water + energy.
What is equilibrium?
What with fewer births and more deaths eventually the number of birth equals number of deaths and the population is equilibrium (the same).
What is Carrying capacity?
Carrying Capacity is the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without reducing its ability to support future generations of the same species.
What is limiting factors?
Limiting factors prevents an increase in the number of organisms in a population or prevents them from moving.
Abiotic factors affecting population size
Amount of sunlight, water, soil, air
Natural disturbances
Strings, drought, fire
Human disturbances
Logging
Biotic factors affecting population size
Competition among organisms for resources, license of predators, reliance on other organisms for survival, presence of disease causing organisms.
Study ap questions
Yes
What are the four spheres
lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere
explain lithosphere
earths solid, outer layer (the rigid crust and upper mantle) includes the soil and extends 100km down from the surface. home to many microorganisms
explain hydrosphere
all of the were on earth (97 percent salt 3 percent fresh). all living organisms need water. 70% of earths surface is covered in water
explain atmosphere
layer of gases surrounding earth, and water and carbon dioexide absorb sunlight and retain heat. lower atmosphere - contains oxygen needed to survive. upper part contains oxygen called ozone
explain biosphere
where life exists. Includes water and air, and made up of the lithosphere, your hydrosphere and atmosphere
