BIO (sex linking)

Question 1

threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother (maternal) and one from the father (paternal)

Answer 2

Homologous Chromosome

Question 3

• the basic unit of heredity
• controls the expression of a biological characteristic

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

is a heritable feature of an organism

Answer 4

Characteristic

Question 5

are the alternative forms of a gene

Answer 5

Alleles

Question 6

• study of heredity, the process of a parent passing certain genes to their children.
• A person’s appearance – height, hair color, skin
  color, and eye color – is influenced by genes.

Answer 6

GENETICS

Question 7

deals with DNA and gene expression and regulation

Answer 7

Molecular Genetics

Question 8

deals with chromosomes

Answer 8

Cytogenetics

Question 9

deals with how forces of evolution influences genes in population

Answer 9

Population Genetics

Question 10

• also known as classical genetics
• oldest subdiscipline of genetics
• attempts to predict outcomes of reproduction

Answer 10

Transmission Genetics

Question 11

• “Father of genetics”
• discovered the basic principles of heredity
  through experiments with pea plants.

Answer 11

Gregor Mendel

Question 12

His work established the mathematical foundation of genetics and is known as

Answer 12

Mendelian inheritance

Question 13

refers to the individuals being crossed

Answer 13

P Generation (Parental Generation)

Question 14

represents the children of the parents

Answer 14

F1 Generation (First Filial Generation)

Question 15

represents children of the F1 or grandchildren of the parents

Answer 15

F2 Generation (Second Filial Generation)

Question 16

• it states that if two alleles for a particular trait differ, the dominant allele determines the organism’s appearance
• in contrast, the other allele (the recessive one) has no noticeable effect on the organism’s appearance

Answer 16

Principle Of Dominance

Question 17

states that alleles segregate randomly into gametes: when gametes are formed, each allele of one parent segregates randomly into the gametes, such that half of the parent’s gametes carry each allele

Answer 17

Law Of Segregation

Question 18

• states that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another
• in other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene

Answer 18

Law Of Independent Assortment

Question 19

all cells in an organism are capable of shedding minute particles he called gemmules, which are able to circulate throughout the body and finally congregate in the gonads.

Answer 19

Pangenesis

Question 20

fully formed individual that existed within the germ cell of one of its parents prior to fertilization and would grow in size during gestation until ready to be born.

Answer 20

Homunculus Theory

Question 21

the hereditary substances from parents appeared to merge together in their offspring, and in which there is no apparent segregation in later generations. In short, This is the theory that offspring have a blend, or mix, of the characteristics of their parents.

Answer 21

Blending Theory

Question 22

Scientists who rediscovered Mendel’s Laws in 1900

Answer 22

• Hugo de Vries
• Carl Correns
• Erich von Tschermak Seysenegg

Question 23

refers to the set of alleles possessed by an organism

Answer 23

GENOTYPE

Question 24

alleles are different

Answer 24

Heterozygous Genotype

Question 25

alleles are the same

Answer 25

Homozygous Genotype

Question 26

- the observable characteristics or traits in an individual based on the expression of their genes - refers to the physical manifestation

Answer 26

Phenotype

Question 27

when the trait is expressed in the presence of one copy of the allele

Answer 27

Dominant Allele

Question 28

when the trait is expressed only in homozygous form with two copies of the risk allele

Answer 28

Recessive Allele

Question 29

produces another copy of chromosomes

Answer 29

Replication

Question 30

- it increases genetic diversity - this is the reason why you and your sibling look different even if your genes are inherited from the same parent

Answer 30

Recombination

Question 31

- linked to the X-chromosome - more common in males than in females - 33.3% affected female - 33.3% carrier female - 33.3% normal female - 50% affected male - 50% normal male

Answer 31

X-Linked Trait

Question 32

the inability to distinguish certain color

Answer 32

Color Blindness (X-Linked Trait)

Question 33

- a rare inherited bleeding disorder - bleed longer after an injury as compared to a normal person

Answer 33

Hemophilia (X-Linked Trait)

Question 34

- linked to the Y-chromosome - only common in males - hypertrichosis pinnae auris trait (hairy ear)

Answer 34

Y-Linked Trait

Question 35

- controlled by autosomal genes - found on both sexes, but one expresses it more than the other - example is human pattern baldness which can be found on both male and female, but it is more common in males

Answer 35

SEX INFLUENCED TRAIT

Question 36

- found in both sexes, but only one expresses it - example is lactation which is a female limited trait

Answer 36

SEX LIMITED TRAIT