BIO….. Flashcards
occurs when individuals with traits better suited to their environment have higher survival and reproductive success. Over time, these advantageous traits increase in the population.
- Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
- There is variation in traits within the population.
- Some traits provide a better chance of survival or reproduction.
- Individuals with those traits pass them on more frequently, increasing
their prevalence
Natural Selection
encompasses all genetic variations in a population. Changes in the gene pool reflect evolutionary processes.
Gene Pool
the random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population, most impactful in small populations.
Genetic Drift
A significant reduction in population size due to events like natural disasters.
Bottleneck Effect:
A small group colonizes a new area, leading to reduced genetic diversity.
Founder Effect
are changes in DNA that introduce new alleles into a
population, serving as the raw material for evolution.
Mutation
Enhance survival or reproduction
Beneficial
Have no immediate effect.
Neutral
Decrease fitness.
Harmful
When mating is not random, certain traits can become more prevalent
due to mate selection preferences or geographic isolation.
Non random mating
Individuals prefer mates with similar traits (e.g., size, color).
Assortative Mating
Individuals prefer mates with different traits.
Disassortative Mating
Small-scale changes in allele frequencies, observable in real
time
Microevolution
Large-scale evolutionary changes over long periods, often leading to new species.
Macroevolution
