bio paper 3 Flashcards
Why can malaria avoid the primary defence?
Vectors will penetrate the skin therefore it can not act as a barrier
Why do some cells get targeted but others do not in specific situations?
Release different chemicals
Describe the structure of collagen
Insoluble, provides strength, has a structural role, forms crosslinks between molecules via covalent bonds, has a high portion of glycine so will link together
What does neutralisation action do in antibodies?
Block antigens and bind to toxins to prevent them from entering the host cell
Why are bacteria not considered to have immunity?
Immunity involves lymphocytes, antibodies and a general immune system which bacteria does not have as it is unicellular
What causes pressure fluctuations and pressure change?
Fluctuations: Due to systole contraction and diastole relaxation
Change in pressure across blood capillaries: The change in cross sectional areas of the capillaries
How does the endothelium assist in withstanding pressure?
Endothelium is folded therefore will not damage at higher pressures
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?
Has to pump body to the rest of the body therefore has to pump at a higher pressure and fight against a higher resistance
How do pressure changes cause the atrioventricular valve to close?
As the ventricle fills up with blood due to ventricular systole, the pressure will increase, higher than the atrial pressure causing the closing of valves
How can we know something is a secondary metabolite in a growth curve?
Produced after the growth phase as the nutrients decline and also are not required for growth/increasing biomass.
What is the importance of aseptic techniques?
Ensures there is no breakout of a pathogenic strain
No competition for nutrients so conditions stay unchanged
Prevent unwanted microbes from entering and wanted microbes from leaving
