BIO midterm Tissue Organization Flashcards
4 tissues in the human body
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscular tissue
nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue
One surface exposed to fluid of air
cellular
lacks blood vessels
cells stay on a basement membrane
tissue layers (two types)
simple =one layer thick
stratified= multiple layers
ex:skin
shapes of the tissue
squamous: flat
ex: lung tissue
cuboidal: cube shaped equal in shape
ex: kidney tubules
columnar: column shaped
ex: bladder
transitional
cells on a smooth base membrane with the ability to expand/contract
ex: vagina
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
stratified layer of columnar
ex: lining of respiratory tract
Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Exocrine glands :sweat
endocrine glands : brain puss
mammary gland : booby
oil producing gland : clogged pore
exocrine gland: (yes we love exo)
glands with ducts and 2 regions secretory WITH ducts
ex: sweat
endocrine glands (no we don’t)
Gland WITHOUT ducts secretions are transported bu venous return- connected to the heart
ex: pituitary gland
Connective tissue
Fibroblast: collagen,elastin,reticular fibers
Adipocyte: cell
Macrophages: fat cell
loose connective tissue
adipose, areolar, reticular
dense connective tissue
elastic, irregular, regular
supporting connective tissue
elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline
bone: compact/ lamellar
spongy/cancellous
Fluid connective tissue
blood, derived from;
lymph cerebral spinal fluid and synovial fluid
other connective tissue
mesenchymal cells: repair when injured
leukocytes: white blood cells rid bacteria and foreign material
mast cells:
heparin inhibit blood clotting
histamine: increase blood flow
Areolar: Loose connective tissue is located:
Areolar: between skin and muscles (subcutaneous layer) bind vessels and nerves
Adipose (fat) loose tissue is located
between skin and muscle and organs
Dense REGULAR connective tissue located:
muscle tendons, strength linear flexibility
Dense IRREGULAR connective tissue located:
found in dermis of skin resist tension all directions
Elastic connective tissue located:
vessels of the heart
Functions of bone tissue
Rigid support
protect underlying organs
help movement
blood form in red marrow
store chemical Ca++
Bone cells
Osteocyte:mature
Osteoblast: immature
Osteoclasts: bone destroys cells
portions (two types)
Organic portion: collagen
inorganic portion: hydroxyapatite
bones contain alot of
WATER!!!
types of bone:
compact: dense bone found in the body of longgg bones COVERS SPONGEY BONE
spongy: trabecular found at the end of physis
red marrow in bones make
blood cells
Haversian system
central Haversian canal transmits neuromuscular bundle through osteon
Osteon
basic structure and functional unit of mature compact bone
Osteon features:
lacunae
osteoblasts
canaluculi
lamellae: growth in diameter of bone
Perforating (Volkmann’s) are
horizontal to the central canal.
Cartilage and the locations:
hyaline chondrocytes, collagen
: costal cartilage, larynx, trachea, bronchi, articular surface bones
nervous system locations
brain and spine
cranial nerves are associated with
appendicular skeleton
nerve cell types
neurons neuroglia
ANS
automatic nervous system associated with CNS and PNS
NEURONS
soma: cell body
axon: move info from other neurons
long extension
have teliodendria
Neurons- dendrites
receive info for a second neuron
short from the soma
Glial cells
nerve glue
support function of neurons and create matrix of the nervous system
How many types of glia?
6
Cells of PNS
satellite- dorsal root ganglion
schwann- myelination cell
diameter increases speed transmission
