BIO midterm Energy, chemical reaction, cell respiration

Question 1

what does energy do at the cellular/tissue level

Answer 1

move muscle tissue and blood
absorb nutrients/transport waste
exchange respiratory gases
synthesize new molecules
regulate cell ion concentrations
form ATP

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

Energy currency of cells

Question 3

Energy is..

Answer 3

the capacity to do work.
contains two Classes:
Potential and kinetic energy

Question 4

Potential energy

Answer 4

Energy positioned or stored

Question 5

Kinetic energy

Answer 5

energy of motion

Question 6

Can potential and kinetic energy be converted from one class to the other?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

concentration gradient exist across what?

Answer 7

the plasma membrane

Question 8

where is there a boundary (inni outi)

Answer 8

between inside and outside the cell

Question 9

electrons move where?

Answer 9

from a high to low energy shell

Question 10

potential energy must_____

Answer 10

convert to kinetic energy before working

Question 11

chemical energy

Answer 11

one form of potential energy stored in a molecules chemical bonds and released when bonds break

Question 12

energy in chemical bonds are used for

Answer 12

movement
molecules
synthesis
concentration gradients

Question 13

Molecules that function in chemical energy storage: (Think prefix for 3)

Answer 13

Triglyceride’s
glucose
ATP

Question 14

Kinetic energy forms:

Answer 14

Electric energy
mechanical energy
sound energy
radiant energy
Heat

Question 15

Thermodynamics

Answer 15

study of energy transformations as chemical energy converts to mechanical energy heat is produced

Question 16

2 laws for thermodynamics

Answer 16

energy can not be created or destroyed only change in form
when transformed, energy is lost to heat
usable energy decreases
ex: jumping around to warm up when cold

Question 17

Metabolism

Answer 17

biochem reaction to living organisms

Question 18

chemical reactions happen when

Answer 18

when chemical bonds in existing molecular structures are broken known as a chemical equation

Question 19

reactants

Answer 19

substances presented prior to a chemical reaction. On left side of equation

Question 20

Products

Answer 20

substances formed by the reaction. On right side of equation

Question 21

A & B are

Answer 21

reactants

Question 22

C is

Answer 22

product

Question 23

arrow in the equation is

Answer 23

the reaction direction

Question 24

chemical reactions are based on three bases:

Answer 24

change in chemical structure, chemical energy dependent if the reaction is irreversible or reversible.

Question 25

changes in chemical structure are called

Answer 25

decomposing reactions synthesis reactions exchange reactions

Question 26

Decomposition reactions

Answer 26

large molecule broken into smaller pieces AB → A + B

Question 27

Catabolism

Answer 27

decomposition reactions in the body

Question 28

synthesis reaction

Answer 28

two or more structures to form a larger one A + B → AB

Question 29

Anabolism

Answer 29

collective term for synthesis reactions

Question 30

exchange reaction

Answer 30

exchange between two chemical structures. both decomposition and synthesis components most prevalent in human body AB + C → A + BC

Question 31

Oxidation reduction reaction

Answer 31

exchange where electrons moved from one structure to another

Question 32

loses an electron=

Answer 32

oxidized during oxidation

Question 33

gains an electron

Answer 33

reduced during reduction

Question 34

reactions occur

Answer 34

together

Question 35

Exergonic reactions

Answer 35

reactants with more energy within bonds than products energy released with net decrease potential energy

Question 36

endergonic reactions

Answer 36

reactants with less energy within chemical bonds than products supply energy with a net increase

Question 37

ATP cycling

Answer 37

formed when energy is releases ion exergonic reactions fuel molecules from food

Question 38

irreversible reaction

Answer 38

net loss of reactants and net gain in products A + B → AB or AB → A + B

Question 39

Reversible reaction

Answer 39

proceeds in any position. no net change in concentration or reactants products= equilibrium

Question 39

Reversible reaction

Answer 39

proceeds in any position. no net change in concentration or reactants products= equilibrium

Question 40

Increase in reactants or decrease in products pushes

Answer 40

the equation to the right

Question 41

Decrease in reactants or increase in products pushes

Answer 41

the equation to the left

Question 42

reactions rate

Answer 42

how quickly a chemical reaction is

Question 43

activation energy

Answer 43

energy required to break chemical bonds

Question 44

overcoming activation

Answer 44

increase temp provides energy in breaking bonds significant temp increase in a cell kills proteins