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bio 3006 > BIO midterm Energy, chemical reaction, cell respiration > Flashcards

BIO midterm Energy, chemical reaction, cell respiration Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does energy do at the cellular/tissue level

A

move muscle tissue and blood
absorb nutrients/transport waste
exchange respiratory gases
synthesize new molecules
regulate cell ion concentrations
form ATP

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2
Q

ATP

A

Energy currency of cells

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3
Q

Energy is..

A

the capacity to do work.
contains two Classes:
Potential and kinetic energy

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4
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy positioned or stored

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5
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

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6
Q

Can potential and kinetic energy be converted from one class to the other?

A

yes

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7
Q

concentration gradient exist across what?

A

the plasma membrane

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8
Q

where is there a boundary (inni outi)

A

between inside and outside the cell

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9
Q

electrons move where?

A

from a high to low energy shell

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10
Q

potential energy must_____

A

convert to kinetic energy before working

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11
Q

chemical energy

A

one form of potential energy stored in a molecules chemical bonds and released when bonds break

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12
Q

energy in chemical bonds are used for

A

movement
molecules
synthesis
concentration gradients

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13
Q

Molecules that function in chemical energy storage: (Think prefix for 3)

A

Triglyceride’s
glucose
ATP

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14
Q

Kinetic energy forms:

A

Electric energy
mechanical energy
sound energy
radiant energy
Heat

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15
Q

Thermodynamics

A

study of energy transformations as chemical energy converts to mechanical energy heat is produced

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16
Q

2 laws for thermodynamics

A

energy can not be created or destroyed only change in form
when transformed, energy is lost to heat
usable energy decreases
ex: jumping around to warm up when cold

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17
Q

Metabolism

A

biochem reaction to living organisms

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18
Q

chemical reactions happen when

A

when chemical bonds in existing molecular structures are broken known as a chemical equation

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19
Q

reactants

A

substances presented prior to a chemical reaction. On left side of equation

20
Q

Products

A

substances formed by the reaction. On right side of equation

21
Q

A & B are

A

reactants

22
Q

C is

A

product

23
Q

arrow in the equation is

A

the reaction direction

24
Q

chemical reactions are based on three bases:

A

change in chemical structure, chemical energy dependent if the reaction is irreversible or reversible.

25
Q

changes in chemical structure are called

A

decomposing reactions
synthesis reactions
exchange reactions

26
Q

Decomposition reactions

A

large molecule broken into smaller pieces
AB → A + B

27
Q

Catabolism

A

decomposition reactions in the body

28
Q

synthesis reaction

A

two or more structures to form a larger one

A + B → AB

29
Q

Anabolism

A

collective term for synthesis reactions

30
Q

exchange reaction

A

exchange between two chemical structures. both decomposition and synthesis components most prevalent in human body
AB + C → A + BC

31
Q

Oxidation reduction reaction

A

exchange where electrons moved from one structure to another

32
Q

loses an electron=

A

oxidized during oxidation

33
Q

gains an electron

A

reduced during reduction

34
Q

reactions occur

A

together

35
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

reactants with more energy within bonds than products

energy released with net decrease potential energy

36
Q

endergonic reactions

A

reactants with less energy within chemical bonds than products
supply energy with a net increase

37
Q

ATP cycling

A

formed when energy is releases ion exergonic reactions
fuel molecules from food

38
Q

irreversible reaction

A

net loss of reactants and net gain in products
A + B → AB or AB → A + B

39
Q

Reversible reaction

A

proceeds in any position. no net change in concentration or reactants
products= equilibrium

39
Q

Reversible reaction

A

proceeds in any position. no net change in concentration or reactants
products= equilibrium

40
Q

Increase in reactants or decrease in products pushes

A

the equation to the right

41
Q

Decrease in reactants or increase in products pushes

A

the equation to the left

42
Q

reactions rate

A

how quickly a chemical reaction is

43
Q

activation energy

A

energy required to break chemical bonds

44
Q

overcoming activation

A

increase temp provides energy in breaking bonds
significant temp increase in a cell kills proteins

bio 3006 (7 decks)

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