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bio 3006 > BIO midterm; anatomy/physiology cell bio > Flashcards

BIO midterm; anatomy/physiology cell bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of function

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3
Q

metabolism

A

sum of chemical changes in body

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4
Q

anabolism

A

small molecules make large molecules

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5
Q

catabolism

A

larger molecules disassociate to become smaller

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6
Q

what are the 3Rs of physiology

A

Responsiveness
Regulation
Reproduction

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7
Q

organization of the body

A

atoms, molecules,cells,tissue,organ,organ system body (organismal level)

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8
Q

Cell

A

smallest unit, building block of all plant and animal tissue

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9
Q

tissue

A

collection of cells organized by specific function

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10
Q

organ

A

tissues form a structure and perform one function such as a kidney

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11
Q

organ system

A

one of more structures/organs that act together in performing major function of the body ex: bladder, kidney

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12
Q

organism

A

12 recognized organ systems that act together in homeostasis (regulate balance of systems) and viability of species.

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13
Q

list the organ systems

A

Integumentary (skin protection)

skeletal (bone structure)

articular (joints for movement)

muscular (skeletal movement and fluid movement)

neurological (brain/spinal cord)

endocrine (cells/glands produce hormones)

respiratory (gas exchange)

circulatory (movement of blood to organ system)

lymphatic( clean body fluids)

Digestive( breakdown of nitro waste)

Reproductive (birth, development)

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14
Q

Anatomical is when…

A

Body standing erect
arms/hands at sides
palms FACING FORWARD

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15
Q

Planes of reference are….

A

HEAD- FRONTAL PLANE
WAIST- TRANVERSE PLANE
KNEE- SAGITAL PLANE

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16
Q

sectional anatomy

A

divide the body into specific planes or sections for medical imaging

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17
Q

how does sectional anatomy divide the body…

A

into posterior and anterior portions
DIVIDED INTO EQUAL RIGHT AND LEFT HALVES

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18
Q

head region of the plane is called the…

A

coronal section

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19
Q

Parasagital is..

A

Divided into UNEQUAL right and left halves

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20
Q

The transverse horizontal plane is divided into

A

superior and inferior portions
THIS IS KNOWN AS CROSS-SECTIONS

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21
Q

Which plane type is unequal?

A

parasagittal

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22
Q

which plane is equal?

A

sagittal

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23
Q

what does the oblique plane do?

A

allows visual of the surface structures -FEATURES ON BONES AND MARGINS ON ORGANS

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24
Q

serious membrane

A

thin layer of cells that produce FLUID

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25
Q

Visceral covers…

A

Organs

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26
Q

Partial covers…

A

internal surfaces/walls

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27
Q

Homeostasis is…

A

The body’s ability to change due to internal and external states/conditions

Accomplished by a CONSTANT CYCLE between receptors control center and effector.

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28
Q

receptors are….

A

viscera that transfer info to our CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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29
Q

Constant cycle between..

A

afferent and efferent

30
Q

sensory comes in and….

A

motor goes out (outgoing)

31
Q

Thalamus

A

sensory integration area where info is processed

32
Q

spinal thalamic

A

ascending tracts

33
Q

what are the stages

A

1 sensory reception
2 info processing
3 motor effects

34
Q

receptors are…

A

afferent!! sensory perception

35
Q

effectors are…

A

efferent!! motor to muscle

36
Q

negative feedback loop

A

action is in the OPPOSITE direction Most processes in body are negative feedback

37
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

SAME direction until a climatic event happens. Fewer positive feedback loops in body

38
Q

anterior is

A

left (FRONT)

39
Q

posterior is

A

right (BACK)

40
Q

superior is

A

up

41
Q

inferior

A

down (close to feet)

42
Q

medial

A

inward (close to midline)

43
Q

Medial and lateral are relative to…

A

Mid sagittal or median planes

44
Q

lateral

A

outward (further to midline)

45
Q

proximal

A

up up

46
Q

distal

A

down down

47
Q

Anterior and posterior are relative to

A

Cornal or frontal planes!

48
Q

Umbilicus is

A

Anterior to the spine
Inferior to neck

49
Q

Spine is

A

Posterior to the chin

50
Q

shoulder is

A

superior to knees

51
Q

Superior and inferior are related to

A

transverse or horizontal planes

52
Q

Head is medial to

A

shoulders

53
Q

hip bones are…

A

lateral to vertebral column

54
Q

Proximal is

A

close to structure/limb

55
Q

Distal is

A

further from origin strucute/limb

56
Q

ankle is

A

distal to knee

57
Q

muscle is

A

deep to skin

58
Q

skin is

A

superficial to bone

59
Q

bone is

A

deep to muscle

60
Q

Anatomisits

A

study smallest visual cells

61
Q

cell membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer that separates Intel components from the external environment

62
Q

permeable barrier =

A

plasma membrane

63
Q

cystoplasm

A

fluidic hight water content with solutes

64
Q

organelles

A

ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Golgi
Lysosome
Autolysis
Peroxisomes
mitochondria
nucleus

65
Q

ER means

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

66
Q

LYS means

A

TO BREAK DOWN

67
Q

Organelle features:

A

have bilayer nuclear envelope/membrane
have chromatin (transform o chromosomes for reproduction/gene transmission)
have nucleoli

68
Q

do cells have diff amount of organelles?

A

yes rations depend on function

69
Q

what organ has cells with high mitochondria?

A

Mt= production of energy any organ that requires lot of energy such as the heart

70
Q

organ that has cells with hight concentration of lysosomes?

A

Liver- Lysosomes detox any organ hat deal with detoxing the body

71
Q

what cell in its final form has no nucleus?

A

Red blood cells; shaped differently that most cells

72
Q

nucleus is the central ____

A

control of genetic materials

bio 3006 (7 decks)

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