Bio Lab Exam 2 Flashcards
How to tell karyotype is male or female?
23rd chromosome
Female: 2 X (long)
Male: 1 X, 1 Y (one long, one short)
what is Klinefelter Syndrome?
An extra X chromosome (3 sex chromosomes)
What meiotic event would have to occur to cause Down’s syndrome?
Nondisjunction would cause this
What sex chromosomes does an abnormal sperm have to carry in order to produce an XXY offspring when it combines with a normal egg?
It would carry an extra X chromosome. The sperm would carry not just the Y but an X too
X^cY
Colorblind
If a heterozygous woman with normal vision and a man with normal vision produce a colorblind Turner’s child, how can this be explained?
There is still a 25% chance of their child being colorblind. The mom provided the chromosome X^c bc the father can’t provide a chromosome due to nondisjunction
Is it possible for a colorblind male and a female that is not colorblind to produce a male child that is chromosomally normal, but colorblind?
It isn’t possible for them to produce a male child that is colorblind
Why are there no instances of individuals with only a Y chromosome?
An X chromosome is needed for survival so these individuals did not make it through fetal development
Is this evidence for differences in the genetic content between the X and the Y chromosome.
Yes bc the X chromosome is much larger containing more genetic info while the Y chromosome is smaller and gives males their characteristics
What will travel father in a gel?
Small fragments
Is DNA positively or negatively charged?
negatively charged
what are restriction enzymes?
endonucleases which catalyze the cleavage of the phosphate bonds within both strands of DNA
Other than covid-19, what are some other illnesses that coronaviruses are known to cause?
Pneumonia, organ failure, respiratory distress.
what are some symptoms of covid-19?
trouble breathing, fever, sore throat, loss of smell, kidney failure, loss of appetite
the human genome is made of DNA. what is the genome of coronavirus made of?
a single stranded RNA genome wrapped in a helical capsule.
In coronaviruses, what does the nucleocapsid (N) protein do?
forms a helical capsid which protects the RNA genome
What does RT-PCR stand for and what is this test designed to identify when testing for COVID?
It stands for Polymerase chain reaction. It is used to detect viral genome, signifying active infection.
In this PCR test, how many genetic regions are targeted?
3
Describe each of the genetics regions that the PCR test targets.
The first two sets targets regions in the SARS-COV-2N protein. The third set targets the human housekeeping gene RP.
On the gel, how many bands are expected to see if someone doesn’t have covid?
one band
On the gel, how many bands are expected to see if someone has covid?
Three bands
what is a RFLP and why does it cause bands of diff sizes?
It is variations in the length of the fragments bc of the number of repeats between cut sites. It is caused by restriction enzymes.
what function do repetitive base sequence have in DNA? what percentage of the mammalian genome do they make up?
They have no known function. Ten to fifteen percent.
Could two people ever have the same DNA fingerprint? Why or why not?
It is possible. The chance is 1 in 30 billion. There is a very tiny percentage of it happening bc of multi band patterns and different alleles
what does RFLP STAND FOR?
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
