Bio Lab 5- Gymnosperms Flashcards
Clade Gymnosperm
Sporophyte dominant Have seeds Pollen Defensive chemicals are a secondary metabolite Vessels (aka advanced xylem) Vascular cambien Secondary growth (wide)
Seeds
Embryonic sporophytes with food to grow first leaves
Naked seeds- not surrounded by fruit
Multicellular
Pollen
Male gametophyte
Tubes to get male to female parts
Vascular cambien
Woody
Analogous vs homologous
Anal: same function no common ancestor
Homo: same part with common ancestor
Phylums of gymnosperm
Cycadophyta
Ginkophyta
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta
Phylum cycadophyta
Resemble palms or ferns
Dioecious
Flagulated (swimming) sperm
Grow in warm wet places
Phylum Ginkophyta
Only one species that isn't extinct Ginkgo biloba- fan like leaves Dioecious Flagulated sperm Female has fleshy cones that smell like dog poop
Phylum Gnetophyta
70 species
Super advanced xylem
3 genre
Genus Welwitscia
Genus of phylum Gnetophyta, clade gymnosperm, viridiplantae
African
Huge always growing leaves
Usually only a couple leaves
Genus Ephedra
Genus of Gnetophyta, clade gymnosperm, viridiplantae
Photosynthetic stems
Genus Gnetum
Genus of Gnetophyta, clade gymnosperm, viridiplantae
Grows as a vine or tree
Tropical
Phylum Coniferophyta
Of clade gymnosperm, viridiplantae 135 MYO Leaf shapes can be needles, awl-like or sharp Usually evergreen Everything from field trip 75% of worlds lumber
Douglas Fir
Fake fir Monecious Evergreen Spiky cones, like hawaiian hats Singularly attached needles 360 degrees of needles Flat pliable needles Late secessional
Larch Tamerak
Coniferous Deciduous Female cones in groups, golf ball sized Knobs called short shoots where needles grow Monecious
Abes True Fir
Needles grow only on sides of branch Flat 2 Stripes of stomata on bottom of needles Monecious Evergreen Females cones grow up Coniferous
Gingko Biloba
Only species in its phylum Short shoots bigger than larch leaves Not coniferous Fan-like leaves Dichotomous venation Diecious
Giant Sequoia
Awl-like leaves (all move one direction)
Diecious
Coniferous
Taxis
Coniferous
Short flat succulent needles
Diecious
Bush
Austrian Pine
Needles grow in groups of 2 called fasciles
Monecious
Coniferous
Evergreen
Ponderosa Pine
Woody cones
Each fascile has 3 long needs
Monecious
Himalyan Pine
5 needles per fascile
Droopy long needles
Monecious
Coniferous
Secondary metabolite
What a plant produces other than sugars
Usually defense
Juniper
Scale like leaves Round scales Blue berries Diecious Coniferous Evergreen
Engleman Spruce
Monecious Coniferious Sharp stiff square singular needles Shortest needle o spruces Smallest female cone Evergreen
Colorado Blue Spruce
Blue needles
Stiffest spruce needles
Larger cones than Engleman
Thuya
Flatter scales
Monecious
Looks like juniper
Norway Spruce
Droopy branches
BIG female cone
Ephedra
Bambooish Diecious Photosynthetic stems No leaves Shrub - multiple woody stems Coniferous
Spruces
Female cones on top
Males down low to prevent cross pollination
Singularly attached needles
Sharp, Stiff, Square needles
