Bio Lab 13 - Flying Vertebrates

Question 1

Flight

Answer 1

Airfoils: high V, low P above wing
low V, high P below wing
P=1/V
If lift force is greater than gravity = flight
Increasing angle of attack creates turbulence, drag and stalling

Question 2

Bird adaptations for flight

Answer 2

Alula: top part of wings act as flaps to reduce turbulence
Wing Slots: spread fingers out at wing tips
Hollow bones: light weight

Question 3

Evolution of flight

Answer 3

Pterosaurs: first to evolve flight, 4th digit=wing
Rrampholaychoids: long tail, dense skull, big teeth, heavy
Pteradactyloids: no tail, no teeth, slender skull

Question 4

Class Aves

Answer 4

2nd digit became wing
2&3 digits are fused today
evolved from therapod dinosaur

Question 5

Archeoptrics

Answer 5

Fossil example
150 MYO
Similar to dinos:
-teeth
-flat sternum
-bony tail
Similar to birds:
-feathers
-wing-like digits
-furcula (energy storing collarbone)

Question 6

Bird Development

Answer 6

Egg laying amniotes
-Atricial: underdeveloped, no feathers, blind
-Precocial: pretty developed, walking
Birds fly at 95% adult size

Question 7

Bird Diet

Answer 7

Insects
seeds
fruit
meat
nectar
constantly replacing protein

Question 8

Bird Body

Answer 8

High metabolism: flight is expensive
Huge heart
Special lungs to always have clean air flow
High body temp
High blood pressure

Question 9

Bats

Answer 9

Class Mammalia, Order Chiroptera

• related to shrews
• insectivores
• many elongated digits connected with membrane

Question 10

Bat Suborders

Answer 10

Class Mammalia, Order Chiroptera
Sub Order Microchiroptera:
-nocturnal
-sonar
-small
-insectivores

Sub Order Megachiroptera

• fruit bats
• echolocation
• dawn/dusk hunters