Bio Final Stud Guide pt.2

Question 1

What distinguishes virus’s from living organisms

Answer 1

Energy processing

Question 2

The type of bond and the number of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms is determined by __________.

Answer 2

the number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell

Question 3

A dehydration reaction (or condensation reaction) is the process in which __________.

Answer 3

water molecules are produced as a polymer formed from monomers

Question 4

Starch is composed of which of the following?

Answer 4

branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose

Question 5

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Answer 5

Formation of a fat molecules releases water

Question 6

Peptide bonding

Answer 6

2 amino acids

Question 7

Sucrase catalyzes the reaction where sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose. Which of the following statements about sucrase is TRUE?

Answer 7

Sucrase is a polymer containing peptide bonds

Question 8

Primary protein structure

Answer 8

Linear chain of amino acids

Question 9

Secondary protein structure

Answer 9

Hydrogen bonds between the
amino acid backbones (not
the R groups) form the
secondary protein structure

Question 10

Tertiary protein structure

Answer 10

Determined by interactions
and bonds between different
amino acid R groups

Question 11

Quaternary protein structure

Answer 11

Bonds that form between two
polypeptides

Question 12

Some regions of a polypeptide may coil or fold back on themselves. This folding is called _______, and the coils or folds are held in place by _______.

Answer 12

secondary structure, hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Malonate can inhibit the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (the enzyme converting succinate to fumarate), which of the following evidence indicates that malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate for succinate dehydrogenase?

Answer 13

In the presence of malonate, increasing succinate concentration increases product yield.

Question 14

Membrane fluidity is determined by

Answer 14

lipid saturation, cholesterol levels and temperature

Question 15

Paramecium is an organism that has contractile vacuoles (i.e., water containing organelles) which can regulate cellular osmosis. If a Paramecium swims from a hypotonic to an isotonic environment, its contractile vacuoles will become _______.

Answer 15

less active

Question 16

Which of the following situations may result in cells without nucleus after cell division?

Answer 16

Add mitotic phase cyclins into cells in G1 phase.

Question 17

If a diploid cell has 96 chromosomes in G1 phase, then the same cell will have _______ pairs of homologous chromosomes during the metaphase of meiosis I; it will have _______ pairs of homologous chromosomes during the metaphase of meiosis II.

Answer 17

48, 0

Question 18

A diploid organism has 5 pairs of homologous chromosomes, how many different types of gamete can it produce by meiosis?

Answer 18

32

Question 19

Rules about types of inheritance –
X-linked dominant

Answer 19

• The trait is never passed from father to son.
• All daughters of an affected male and a normal female are
  affected. All sons of an affected male and a normal female
  are normal.
• Matings of affected females and normal males produce 1/2
  the sons affected and 1/2 the daughters affected.

Question 20

Rules about types of inheritance –
X-linked recessive

Answer 20

As with any X-linked trait, the disease is never passed
from father to son.
* Males are much more likely to be affected than females.
* All affected males in a family are related through their
mothers.
* Trait or disease is typically passed from an affected
grandfather, through his carrier daughters, to half of his
grandsons.

Question 21

Genes A/a, B/b, and C/c are on the same chromosome. When a testcross AaBb aabb is performed, the recombination frequency is 17%. When a testcross BbCc bbcc is performed, the recombination frequency is 40%. When a testcross AaCc aacc is performed, what is the recombination frequency?

Answer 21

23% or 50%

Question 22

Rules about types of inheritance –
Autosomal recessive

Answer 22

• Males and females are equally likely to be affected.
• On average, the recurrence risk to the unborn sibling of
  an affected individual is ¼.
• Parents of affected children may be related. The rarer the
  trait in the general population, the more likely a
  consanguineous mating is involved.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about operon is TRUE?

Answer 23

An operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.

Question 24

If there is a mutation in trpR gene that prevents the trp repressor from binding to the trp operator, which of the following descriptions is TRUE?

Answer 24

Cells will continue to synthesize tryptophan when tryptophan is available.

Question 25

If there is a mutation in lacI gene (encodes the repressor), resulting in no binding between the repressor and the lac operator, predict which of the following condition(s) will result in full expression of the lac operon.

Presence of glucose but absence of lactose
Presence of lactose but absence of glucose
Presence of both glucose and lactose
Absence of both glucose and lactose

Answer 25

2, 4