22 23 lecture Flashcards
Gene regulation
Organism’s control which genes and how much of a gene are transcribed into RNA and translated into a protein
Operon
A functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter
The trp operator
a sequence of DNA that controls the production of Trp proteins by turning gene expression off and on
The trp repressor
The trp repressor controls trp gene
expression by binding to the trpoperator
lacZ
encodes enzyme that breaks down lactose
lacY
encodes enzyme that bring lactose into the cell
cAMP
activates catabolite activator protein
(CAP) which activates lacgene transcription
Transcriptional regulation
Is a gene transcribed into an RNA?
Post-transcriptional regulation
Processing the pre-RNA into a mRNA
Transport
Translational control
Stability of the protein
promoters
the sequences that initiate
transcription by recruiting transcription factors
enhancer
(group of
distal control elements)
Activators
proteins that recognize and
bind to specific DNA sequences
Enhancers
Dna sequences that can increase transcription at a distance
Albumin
Regulates osmotic pressure in
blood
produced in the liver
Activators are only expressed in
the liver cell
Crystallin
Activators are expressed in the eye cells
Proteins that make up
the transparent lens
