20 21 lecture Flashcards
The central Dogma
Genes direct the production of proteins through a messenger RNA intermediate
Rna Polymerase
RNA polymerase (green) synthesizes RNA by following a strand of DNA
promoter
DNA sequence that recruits the proteins that start transcription
TATA box
A TATA box is a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded. It is a type of promoter sequence, which specifies to other molecules where transcription begins.
Transcription factors
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to the
promoter
5’ cap on mRNA
A modified guanine
nucleotide added to
the 5′end
Poly-A tail on the 3’ end
50–250 adenine
nucleotides added
to the 3′end
UTR
Untranslated regions (UTRs) at the 3’ and 5’ end are not translated into
protein
Introns
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
spliceosome
The spliceosome is a large RNA-protein complex that catalyses the removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNA.
codons
nucleotide triplet that encodes one amino acid
tRNAs
tRNAs are folded RNA molecules attached to
an amino acid
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
recognize the appropriate tRNA
(by the anticodon and other tRNA
specific regions) and attach the
proper amino acid
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pt.2
an enzyme that attaches an
amino acid to a tRNA
*It is specific for one type of
tRNA and one amino acid
silent mutations
The change in nucleotide sequence does not alter the amino acid
