Bio Exam 2.5 CR Flashcards
How do Cells get energy?
They can perform GLYCOLYSIS
They can form fermentation
They can form anaerobic respiration They can perform aerobic respiration
What is the function of Glycolysis?
The breaking down of sugar
Where does Glycolysis Occur?
In the Cytoplasm
Where in the Krebs Cycle located?
In the interior of the Mitochondria
Where is the Electron Transport Chain Located?
The inner mitochondrial membrane
What does Glycolysis produce?
NADH - ATP - PYRUVATE
What is the function of NADH
It is a Electron Carrier it gives electrons to the Electron Transport Chain
What is substrate LEVEL phosphorylation?
it is where we get the phosphate to make ATP by stealing it from a substrate molecule
How do we get to the Krebs cycle?
If oxygen is present then the cell will go into the mitochondria where the krebs cycle will take place
What does the Krebs cycle produc?
CO2 - NADH - FADH2 - ATP
What is the Function of the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN?
it is a number of molecules whos job it is to take the electrons from NADH and FADH2 and pass it on to its neighbors. Basically transferring electrons.
ATP SYNTHAS
turns like a turbine and its going to grab free floating atp and free floating phosphate and its going to make ATP.
IF WE GO THROUGHT AEROBIC RESPIRATION WE WILL GET 36 ATP MOLECULES, MOST EFFICIENT WAY TO GET ATP.
IF WE GO THROUGHT AEROBIC RESPIRATION WE WILL GET 36 ATP MOLECULES, MOST EFFICIENT WAY TO GET ATP.
Whatt happens if we brake glucose down completely
we should give of 6 molecules of carbon dioxide
C6-H12-O6 + 6O2 —- + 6H2O + ENERGY
C6-H12-O6 + 6O2 —- + 6H2O + ENERGY
What happens in the krebs cycle
All the carbons come off as carbon dioxide, by the time the krebs cycle is over there are no more carbons from glucose left they have all gone as carbon dioxide and there was six carbons that were given away. A lot of NADH is going to be made and FDH2. The most important step in the kreb cycle is to move all of the electrons to the ELECTRON CARRIERS. A little bit of ATP WAS MADE
NADH and FADH2
are electron CARRIERS.
Prophase
In prophase we lose the nuclear membrane and the nucleus goes away, the nucleus in degraded. DNA is condensed to a tightly packaged form, The mitotic spindle finishes forming. We lose the nucleus because we phosphorylated the Lamins.
Metaphase
The DNA lining up in the Middle/ Equator of the cell.
Anaphase -
The separation of DNA HALF GOES TO ONE POLE HALF TO THE OTHER - Chromatids are separated here.
Telophase
The nuclear membrane reforms (The return of the Nucleus)
• The DNA decondenses in size ( It goes back to its regular packaging pattern its looser structure we can no longer see DNA)
• Cytokinesis is starting here at Telophase (Cytokinesis when the cell splits into two) we know this is occurring because we could see the establishment of the clevage furrow.
Prophase l -
- Homologous Chromosomes pair up
* The crossing over of the non sister chromatids AKA Synapsis (This happens when we produce sex cells)
Anaphase l
Separates the Homologous Chromosomes (Tetrads
