Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio > Bio Chem Slides > Flashcards

Bio Chem Slides Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the big 4

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what connect monomers to each other to create polymers

A

covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are polymers formed

A

dehydration synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how can polymers be broken

A

hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is dehydration synthesis

A

when 2 monomers join together by losing water (H2O) to create a polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is hydrolysis

A

when a polymer splits into monomers through gaining water (H2O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do carbs serve as

A

sugars that serve as a main source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what elements to carbs contain

A

C, H, O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in carbs

A

2:1 (2 H for every 1 O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what nomenclature do carbs often follow

A

ending in ose
ex: glucose, fructose, sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 3 types of carbs

A
  • monosaccharides (simplest sugars: monomers)
  • disaccharides (2 monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis)
  • polysaccharides (3 or more monosaccharides joined together into longer chains)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What specific functional group is involved in the formation of water

A

OH (hydroxyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is glucose

A

C6H12O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do simple sugars provide

A

short term energy for an organism

*Cells can more readily uptake monosaccharides and utilize them for energy processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do polysaccharides provide

A

“long” term energy storage for organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do some polysaccharides provide for cells

A

structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are lipids/what do they serve as

A

hydrophobic molecules that provide energy and structural benefits for organisms (THEY ARE NOT POLYMERS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what elements do lipids contain

A

C,H, and O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Since lipids contain way fewer oxygen than carbs, what does this make them?

A

insoluble and (mostly) nonpolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 4 types of lipids

A
  • Fats
  • Phospholipids
  • Steroids
  • Waxes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do fats provide

A

energy and protection for organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what 2 smaller molecules do fats contain

A
  • Fatty acids (2 or more)
  • Glycerol

*ex: a triglyceride contains 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

23
Q

how are fats formed

A

dehydration synthesis

24
Q

Saturated Fatty Acid

A

Contains no carbon-carbon double bonds

25
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond

26
Q

what are fatty acids

A

monomers of fats

27
Q

what are the functions of fats

A

-Fats provide long-term energy storage for organisms
-Fats can provide protection and insulation (help with homeostasis)

28
Q

what are phospholipids made of

A

-Glycerol
-Phosphate group
-2 Fatty acid tails: 1 unsaturated, 1 saturated
-Polar and non-polar regions

29
Q

what are phospholipids major components of

A

cell membranes

30
Q

what are proteins

A

polymers made up of amino acids

31
Q

what cell functions do proteins contribute to

A

-cell structural support
-cell storage
-cell transport
-cell to cell signaling/communication
-cellular movement
-defense
-biochemical processes - catalysts
-Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions

32
Q

what is the C-N covalent bond

A

peptide bond

33
Q

what elements do proteins contain

A

C,H,O,N,(S)

34
Q

how are peptide bonds formed

A

dehydration synthesis

35
Q

what builds proteins

A

amino acids

36
Q

how many amino acids are there

A

20

37
Q

what differentiates between amino acids

A

each R group side chain is chemically unique

38
Q

how many levels of protein structure are there

A

4
*primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

39
Q

1°-Primary protein structure

A

Dependent on the order of the amino acids.
They join together covalently to form a polypeptide chain.

40
Q

2°-Secondary protein structure

A

Repeated folding due to hydrogen bonding between amine and carboxyl groups of non-adjacent amino acids
-Formation of α-helices and β-sheets

41
Q

3°-Tertiary protein structure

A

-Coiling and folding to create a complex 3D shape
-Interactions between R-groups: hydrogen bonding, disulfide bridges, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions
-Contributes to unique function of the protein

42
Q

4°-Quaternary protein structure

A

-Multiple polypeptide chains form larger protein complex, held together by a variety of bonds

43
Q

what is protein function dependent on

A

the presence of specific amino acids and their interactions.

44
Q

what do nucleic acids make

A

DNA and RNA

45
Q

what are nucleic acids

A

polymers consisting of monomers called nucleotides

46
Q

what elements do nucleic acids contain

A

C,H,O,N, P

47
Q

what stores and expresses genetic information

A

nucleic acids

48
Q

what are nucleotides made of

A

-A pentose sugar
-A phosphate group
-A nitrogenous base (A,T,C, or G)

49
Q

how do nucleotides join together

A

dehydration synthesis

50
Q

Nucleotides stack to form…

A

helices and build polymers of DNA or RNA

51
Q

when nucleotides stack together, their polymers build…

A

deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acid or ribonucleic acid (RNA)

52
Q

Biological structures and catalysts

A

proteins

53
Q

Biological energy storage and structural components

A

carbohydrates and lipids

54
Q

what are the six most common elements contained in biological organisms

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
‘CHONPS’

Bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions