Bio / Biochem 3

Question 1

VLDL

Answer 1

-transport TAGs from liver to other tissues

Question 2

Chylomicrons

Answer 2

-transport TAG’s and cholesterol and Vit ADEK small intestine to tissues

Question 3

HDL

Answer 3

• made in liver and intestines
• many apolipoproteins
• recover and excrete excess cholesterol from blood

Question 4

LDL

Answer 4

• made by liver
• deliver cholesterol into tissues or help synthesize steroid hormones
• much cholesterol

Question 5

Elastase

Answer 5

-breaks down elastin in human connective tissue

Question 6

aldosterone and cortisol…

Answer 6

…are steroid hormones so do NOT bind at membrane receptors

since both target receptors of DCT and CD, use local enzyme 11-Beta HSD to oxidize cortisol to cortisone = decrease affinity for glucocorticoid

there is a lot of free cortisol in the blood

Question 7

Bile salts

Answer 7

• fat emulsification = increase SA for pancreatic lipase and colipase
• bile contains bile salts, pigments, cholesterol
• many hormones are made from fats so it helps w/ that

Question 8

Low blood albumin

Answer 8

due to renal failure

-liver cirrhosis / scar tissue = diminished albumin production

Question 9

Creatine phosphate

Answer 9

• most short-lived energy form available in skeletal muscle
• lasts 2-7 sec

Creatine-P + ADP = ATP + creatine

Question 10

Ependymal cells

Answer 10

• epithelial tissue (not connective)
• secrete CSF - line brain ventricles = epithelial
• simple cuboidal cells

Epithelial cells can be simple or stratified or pseudostratified, and can be squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

Question 11

transcriptional and translational machinery

Answer 11

• bacterial infection
• only prok have co-transcriptional translation
• euk at separate times and in separate locations

-overall genome of bacteria and euk different but there are similar regions among life

Prok 30S + 50S = 70S
Euk 40S + 60S = 80S

Question 12

Optimal body conditions

Answer 12

7. 4 pH

98. 6 F or 37 C

Question 13

Neurons

Answer 13

• ribosomes and organelles in cell body
• have nucleus (unlike RBC’s)
• can make proteins
• slow repair/growth b/c no ribosomes in axon = proteins must be transported long distances

Question 14

Uncontrolled diabetic

Answer 14

• insufficient glucose reabsorption at PCT via SGLT = sweet urine
• filtrate overwhelms capacity of glucose transporters at PCT to absorb glucose
• PCT cannot secrete glucose at PCT, only at filtrate
• general kidney goal is to absorb all the glucose so it would have max # glucose transporters at PCT
• glucose can’t upregulate or downreg # transporters b/c glucose ain’t a hormone