bio anthro/evolutionary thought

Question 1

what are the four key elements of anthropology

Answer 1

holism, dynamism, fieldwork, comparison

Question 2

what are the 8 subfields of bio anthropology

Answer 2

-paleo-anthropology
-paleo-pathology
-osteology
- forensic anthropology
- biological archeology
- paleo ecology
- primatology
- human biology ( genome, bio medical)

Question 3

what is the difference between a hypothesis and prediction?

Answer 3

a hypothesis is an explanation for a natural phenomenon. A prediction is the outcome your test will have if the explanation is correct.

Question 4

what is the difference between a law and a theory, and what are the key components of a theory?

Answer 4

a theory is a comprehensive explanation of natural phenomenon that has survived many attempts at falsification. a law is less mature than a theory, and is a prediction for an outcome given certain conditions, not an explanation for the outcome.

Question 5

what are the five steps of the scientific method?

Answer 5

1) observation
2) question
3) hypothesis
4) prediction
5) test
6) optional, communicate results, feedback loop.

Question 6

describe aristotles’ key theories

Answer 6

scala naturae categorized all species with humans at the top, according to level of complexity. immutability of species/essentialism. static world view

Question 7

describe the main changes that occurred during the renaissance.

Answer 7

• galileo determined that the earth revolved around the sun
• francis bacon comes up with empiricism
• epistemes:
  naturalism: we only talk about nature
  rationalism: we cant explain nature with miracle
  empiricism- we gotta use data

Question 8

describe the key debates of the 18th century

Answer 8

• polygenism vs monogenism
• extinction events
• how was environmental adaptation happening?
• homology- species share traits categorically
• how long has the earth been around?
• how have we gotten/lost species

Question 9

describe the key discoveries of each person
- John ray
- Linneaus
- Cuvier
- Lamarck
- Hutton
- Lyell
- Malthus
- Darwin/ russel wallace

Answer 9

• idea of species
• binomial nomenclature, systema naturae,
• catastrophism
• Lamarckism, aquired traits are passed on
• uniformitarianism , slow steady geological processes
• deep time
• population competition
• Natural selection BUT with blending inheritance

Question 10

what is the transmutation hypothesis

Answer 10

that species come from other older species, developed in the 1700s