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BIO 669 > BIO 669 exam 2 > Flashcards

BIO 669 exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

aplastic anemia is caused by

A

stem cell deficiency

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2
Q

A 35 - year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B 12 deficiency (pernicious anemia). The most likely cause is a decrease in:

A

intrinsic factor

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3
Q

pernicious anemia

A

vitamin B12 deficiency
macrolytic (megaloblastic)
large RBC
Intrinsic

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4
Q

microcytic anemia

A

caused by iron deficiency
Small RBC

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5
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

low RBC productionin Bone marrow
STEM CELL DEFICIENCY

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6
Q

A 12 yo boy presenting with complaints of fever, pink macular rash on trunk and finding of diastolic murmur on exam should be investigated for possible

A

rheumatic fever

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7
Q

Painful erythematous nodules on fingertips in the context of fever, chills and new cardiac murmur is termed;

A

OSLER NODES

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8
Q

The isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac life cycle occurs:

A

when the AV valves are closed

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9
Q

what is superior vena cava syndrome

A

Progressive occlusion that leads to venous distention of upper extremities and head

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10
Q

An increase in Ca++ influx, brought about by catecholamines binding to beta receptors on the myocardium will result in:

A

both an increase in contractility and increase in rate

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11
Q

which of the following are manifestations of hyperparathyroidism?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Hypophosphatemia
hypercalciuria
hypercalcemia
pathologic fractures

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12
Q

decreased hypothalamic functions of all associated hormones will result in an increase in the anterior pituitary produciton / release of:

A

Prolactin

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13
Q

High fever, irregular heartbeat, elevated blood pressure and vomiting could be signs of which problem:

A

Thyroid storm (thyrotoxic crisis)

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14
Q

Which of the following are produced by the adrenal cortex

A

both aldosterone and cortisol

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15
Q

A secondary effect of this hormone is to inhibit the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone, which decreases libido and fertility, and may be why there is some measure of birth control while exclusively breast feeding a baby.

A

Prolactin

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16
Q

Which of the following stimulates release of oxytocin

A

stimulation of the nipples

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17
Q

in primary hyposecretion of the thryoid hormones

A

Levels of thyroid hormones in the blood decrease

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18
Q

Which of the following is an example of permissive effects in hormone regulation”

A

Estrogen stimulates the synthesis of progesterone receptors in the endometrium, making its actions more effective

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19
Q

The effect that T3 and T4, hormones of the thyroid gland, have on decreasing endocrine secretions from the hypothalamus is an example of

A

long feedback loop inhibition

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20
Q

ADH and oxytocin are usually released from the pituitary in response to

A

direct stimulation by synapsing neurons

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21
Q

Insulin has effects on electrolytes as well, such as stimulating the movement of:

A

K, PO4, Mg++ and amino acids in the cell

22
Q

Which of the following characteristics is typical of long lasting response hormones

A

carrier bound and lipid soluble

23
Q

A hypodermi injection of epinephrine would

A

Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate the bronchi and decrease peristalsis

24
Q

Acrmegaly, first developed as a 25 yo adult, will overtime result in:

A

thickened bones, especially, forehead and hands, plus proximal myopathy

25
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis occurs most directly as a result of ______ leading to increased lypolysis and formation of keytone bodies

A

profound insulin insufficiency

26
Q

Diabetes insipidus is best described as:

A

An insufficiency of ADH amount or response

27
Q

Hyperthyroidism resulting from graves disease will present with all of the following EXCEPT:

A

INCREASED levels of TSH

28
Q

The innermost layer of the heart wall (inner lining layer) is the:

A

Endocardium

29
Q

which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary vein

30
Q

the light band in cardiac and skeletal muscle that varies by degree of contraction is termed the

A

I band

31
Q

Intermittent Claudication is:

A

A sign of peripheral artery disease

32
Q

Which of the following valve abnormalities is heard during diastole (diastolic murmur)? ( hint: think when blood should be and should not flow past these structures in terms of diastole/systole

A

Mitral stenosis ——MS

33
Q

Rheumatic fever and subsequent heart complications in 10% of individuals left untreated, arises from:

A

Group A strep

34
Q

The predominant antibody of a typical primary initial response is:

A

IgM

35
Q

antibodies mneumonic
IGA covered in mucous
from an allergic Elephant
with a Giraffe cleaning because he hates bacterial/viral germs

A
36
Q

When a nurse is reviewing lab results and notices that the erythrocytes contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin, the nurse calls these erythrocytes:

A

Hypochromic

37
Q

Prinzmetal angina is

A

A transient ischemia of the myocardium that occurs unpredictably

38
Q

Which of the following is not longer a first line of treatment for hypertension due to stroke risk

A

Beta blockers

39
Q

Your patient with a history of coronary artery disease and regular chest pain brought on by exercise of a certain duration now has significant and worsening chest pain, sweating and mild dyspnea. Which of the following statements is true regarding this patient?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE

He has unstable angina
he is a significant risk of infarction soon
the pain is a signal the an atherosclerotic plaque has just ruptured in a coronary vessel

40
Q

Intermittent claudication is

A

A sign of peripheral artery disease

41
Q

Which of the following factors is not commonly associaited with the development of hypertension?

A

High dietary levels of Ca++, K+ and Mg++

42
Q

A common and overlooked cause of chronic orthostatic hypertension is

A

Autonomic neuropathy in persons with diabetes

43
Q

What area of the myocardium is affected by STEMI

A

Transmural (entire wall thickness)

44
Q

An atherosclerotic area that has ruptured is termed:

A

complicated plaque

45
Q

A patient presents with fever, diffuse microemboli presenting as petechial lesions on the fingertips and what looks like non-tender bruising most indicative of which disease process?

A

Infective endocarditis

46
Q

The pineal gland is responsible for secretion of:

A

Melatonin

47
Q

Primary hyperparthyroidism will result in:

A

excessive PTH release and increased levels of Ca++

48
Q

Calcitonin is released by the _______gland

A

Thyroid

49
Q

the one missing question

A

top answer is right (MTH)

myocardial cells that are inactive due to chronic ischemia

temporarily non-contractile myocardial cells following reperfusion

hemorrhagic, non-tender lesions on the hands

50
Q

Sickle cell =_____________
aplastic =__________

A

Sickle = bone marrow makes defective Hgb

Aplastic = damage to stem cells in bone marrow

BIO 669 (6 decks)

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