APEA endocrinology Flashcards
CUSHING’S DISEASE IS CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSICAL ABNORMALITIES THAT OCCUR WHEN THE ADRENAL GLANDS SECRETE EXCESS:
Glucocorticoids
(cortisol)
cushings = moon face = steroids
A SIMPLE NONTOXIC GOITER:
MAY BE ENLARGED SECONDARY TO:
A lack of iodine in the diet
GOITER = IODINE DEFICIENCY
sporadic goiter means r/t ingestion of drugs of roof that contain things that decrease T4 production
A COMMON CHARACTERISTIC OF A PERSON WITH GRAVES’ DISEASE IS:
Ophthalmophathy
GRAVES = AUTOIMMUNE
other symptoms of hyperthyroidism
The most common cause of secondary hypothyroidism is:
Pituitary tumor, often decreases available TSH, usually benign.
Patients with Graves disease may experience comorbid diseases including:
peptic ulcer disease.
iron deficiency anemia.
lupus erythematosus.
thyroid cancer.
lupus erythematosus.
Increased risk for multiple autoimmune conditions
Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex that results in an inadequate release of glucocorticoids is:
Sprue syndrome.
Cushing syndrome.
Addison’s disease.
hypoparathyroidism.
Addison’s disease results from inadequate production of cortisol.
Diabetes is the leading cause of:
urosepsis.
end-stage renal disease.
acute coronary syndrome.
pancreatitis.
end-stage renal disease
Diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, adult-onset blin
An autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by antibodies that act through normal TSH receptors is:
celiac disease.
Graves’ disease.
Multiple sclerosis.
Sjogren’s syndrome.
Graves’ disease,
one of the autoimmune thyroid diseases, is caused by the production of
In a patient with hyperglycemia, the nurse practitioner knows that hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) will NOT produce:
dehydration
glycosuria.
high glucose levels.
ketogenesis.
ketogenesis
I
In the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state (HHNS),
The thyroid hormone that is responsible for calcium regulation is:
triiodothyronine (T3).
thyroxine (T4).
thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin).
thyroid-stimulating hormone.
thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
Hyperglycemia in patients who have Type 2 diabetes can cause:
anorexia.
hematuria.
thirst.
hyperphagia.
thirst
Thirst results from the intracellular dehydration that occurs as blood g
Risk factors that predispose a patient to Graves disease include:
a family history of Graves’ disease in men of the family.
female sex.
a history of alcoholism.
being in the first trimester of pregnancy.
female sex
The disorder that is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone is known as:
hypercalcemia.
histiocytosis.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
diabetes insipidus.
T
diabetes insipidus.
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of water metabolism caused by a de
The most common signs of newly diagnosed diabetes include:
peripheral neuropathy.
polyuria.
hyperphagia.
blurred vision.
polyuria
In thyrotoxic crisis, T3 and T4 are overproduced, causing hypermetabolism from the overproduction of:
dopamine.
catecholamines.
epinephrine.
norepinephrine.
epi
Hyperglycemia in patients who have Type 2 diabetes can cause:
anorexia.
hematuria.
thirst.
hyperphagia.
thirst
Thirst results from the intracellular dehydration that occurs as blood g
Risk factors that predispose a patient to Graves disease include:
a family history of Graves’ disease in men of the family.
female sex.
a history of alcoholism.
being in the first trimester of pregnancy.
female sex
The disorder that is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone is known as:
hypercalcemia.
histiocytosis.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
diabetes insipidus.
diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of water metabolism caused by a de
In thyrotoxic crisis, T3 and T4 are overproduced, causing hypermetabolism from the overproduction of:
dopamine.
catecholamines.
epinephrine.
norepinephrine.
epinephrine
In thyrotoxic crisis (also known as thyroid storm), the thyroid gland se
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by:
resistance to insulin action in target tissues.
abnormal insulin secretion.
beta cell destruction.
inappropriate hepatic glycogenesis.
beta cell destruction
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include:
hypotension.
bradycardia.
low cardiac output.
cardiac arrythmia.
cardiac arrhythmia
An increase in metabolism causes a rise in oxygen consumption and production of metabolic end products, with an accompanying increase in vasodilation.
The majority of patients with simple goiters are expected to have:
elevated triiodothyronine (T3) levels.
elevated thyroxine (T4) levels.
a euthyroid state.
a low level of serum thyroid stimulation hormone.
a euthyroid state
caused by low TSH (which is produced by the pituitary gland)
TSH is produced when T3& T4 is low.
Euthyroid state (d) “normal”
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is:
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Graves’ disease.
thyroid storm.
abnormal iodine metabolism.
hashimoto’s thyroiditis
The complication associated with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes that is NOT a microvascular complication is:
nephropathy.
neuropathy.
retinopathy.
peripheral arterial disease.
PAD
The adrenal glands are responsible for producing:
testosterone.
leukotrienes.
epinephrine.
prostaglandins.
epinephrine
The adrenal glands produce steroidal hormones (aldosterone and cortisol; adrenal androgens and estrogens) and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine).
