Bio 3 - G

Question 1

Karyotype

Answer 1

A pair of chromosomes in a cell (nucleus) and they are in pairs as they are identical in size and this is during meiosis (synthesis of sex cells)

Question 2

Down Syndrome

Answer 2

This is caused when there is an extra copy of chromosomes #21, instead of being a pair, there are three chromosomes now (trisomy 21)

Question 3

What are other effects of abnormal chromosome counts?

Answer 3

There may be spontaneous abortion of fetus(pregnancy may end before the baby is fully developed/miscarriage)

Question 4

What are the two ways mutations can occur (gene changes happen)

Answer 4

Through changes in the chromosome structure, and also changes within the locus (the two alleles within a chromosome)

Question 5

genetic therapy

Answer 5

Different ways to treat these mutations or genetic disorders

Question 6

What are the four different ways mutations are formed?

Answer 6

Deletion, Inversion, Translocation, Duplication

Question 7

Cri du chat

Answer 7

This is like down Syndrome, another disorder, but instead of another chromosome #21 being added, chromosome 5 within an organism is modified. The odds are 1 in 20000 to 50000 newborns

Question 8

Each chromosome has more than one locus, meaning they make up for more than one genetic trait

Answer 8

Okay!

Question 9

The man usually has an X and Y sex chromosomes, while a women has two X sex chromosomes

Answer 9

Okay!

Question 10

Locus

Answer 10

Is it’s the chromosome and contains two alleles that makes up a specific gene

Question 11

SRY gene

Answer 11

Is located on the Y chromosome for male organisms, and when switched on (is like the “master sex switch”), and causes autosomes (the 1-22 chromosomes) to produce some male characteristics and genes

Question 12

Pathenogenesis

Answer 12

Instead of doing meiosis to do sex cells reproduction, this allows an organisms to do it without a mate

Question 13

Dominant genetic disorder

Answer 13

Unlike recessive (where if the gamete is r, if there are two alleles, Rr, then the disorder is not caused, but the person is a carrier), if they have the dominant allele, they have the disorder regardless of what the second allele is, but this is very rare.

Question 14

What is additional note about dominant genetic disorders?

Answer 14

These are present and early, and therefore there might not be enough time for treatment to happen

Question 15

Achondroplasia

Answer 15

dwarfism caused by a mutation(chromosome size change or inside the locus, alleles change) in a gene regarding bone growth

Question 16

Huntington disease

Answer 16

dying brain cells, uncontrolled movement

Question 17

Gene therapy

Answer 17

This is a way to treat genetic disorders. One way is to replace or remove weird chromosomes (size differences, they are supposed to be homologous), or they take out stem cells in the body, which can be easily reproduced if the alleles are weirdly mutated, and mix it in with healthy, normal genes and implement it back into the body to keep on reproducing and expanding throughout the body.