BIO 3 - E

Question 1

The Cell Cycle

Answer 1

A cycle that is basically it’s whole life. From it’s origin to the moment its divide, the time span in between is considered the cell cycle

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

Consists of 90% of the cell’s life, and is what the cell is normally supposed to do and this is when the DNA is duplicated, it’s usually divided in three parts, g1 phase, s phase, and g2 phase

Question 3

Cell division

Answer 3

This is when the cell is divided into daughter cells, and is the last phase of the life cycle (start off with one cell, end up with two)

Question 4

S phase

Answer 4

The phase in which the cell’s DNA is duplicated/copied, and so the cell has twice as much DNA as before so it gets ready for Cell Division

Question 5

G1 phase (Gap 1)

Answer 5

Sometimes, cells enter the G0 phase, in which they won’t replicate, but usually it enters the G1 phase to mature and get ready for the S phase. It usually differs in time, can last for a few days until the day of death

Question 6

G2 phase (Gap 2)

Answer 6

The cells get bigger and is super ready for cell division, the last part before the cycle ends

Question 7

What is an important thing about this cycle?

Answer 7

These phases are checkpoints to make sure everything is good within the cell division cycle. Otherwise, cancer might occur

Question 8

Why do we need the cell cycle (cell division?)

Answer 8

To repair old cells (ex: let’s say you got like skin taken out, the other skin cells near that need to duplicate to over up the blood and make everything back to normal) AND to reproduce the original cell or organism

Question 9

What are the three ways cells can divide?

Answer 9

Binary fission, meiosis, mitosis. The purpose of mitosis is for growth and repair in an organism(as referred to earlier). Meiosis is to produce and reproduce sex cells that can be used for sex

Question 10

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Answer 10

Prokaryotic are cells that don’t have a nucleus and its only organelle is the ribosome, and eukaryotic cells are cells that have a nucleus along with a lot more organelles (being much more complex than prokaryotic)

Question 11

Binary fission

Answer 11

This is when the cell divides so it separates apart into two identical cells. Basically, the DNA gets copied within a cell, and then the cell splits up into two, with one cell each taking in one DNA

Question 12

Why doesn’t cell division work the same way in prokaryotic cells(bacteria) than eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Eukaryotic cells are a lot more complex, as they contain a nucleus and a lot more organelles and DNA (the only organelle in the other one is ribasome) and prokaryotic only has one circular chromosome

Question 13

Cell Division in Eukaryotes (Mitosis used for growth and reproduction, meiosis used to synthesis sex cells)

Answer 13

Just look at the next flashcard(s)

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

This is like binary fission, and is when the cell divides into two identical cells for repair

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

Basically, the first cell creates a copy of it’s DNA and then it divides into two identical cells, and both cells have a full set of DNA and so both cells are split up but each containing half of the original DNA, so now you have four cells that contain half of the original DNA that are. (mother cell splits up into four sperm cells). Those sperm cells go through fertilization (through mating) to create a new organism

Question 16

What are the four main phases of mitosis (DNA processes)

Answer 16

It is called IPMAT, but interphase does not consist in mitosis (as this is before the cell division, and is preparation for) but PMAT stands for Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase (REVIEW THIS)

Question 17

Chromosomes

Answer 17

This is when DNA (which is made up of amino acids, adenine, thymine, guanine cytosine) is wrapped around with protein

Question 18

Chromatids

Answer 18

Chromosomes with the proteins