Bio 3 - F

Question 1

Genetic trait

Answer 1

A trait that can be observed within an organism and is a trait that was passed down from a past organism

Question 2

Invariant trait

Answer 2

A trait that everyone of that species contains. For example, every dog has four legs, two sets of eyes, two ears)

Question 3

What are the three different types of genetic traits?

Answer 3

Behavioral traits, biochemical traits, and physical traits

Question 4

Variant trait

Answer 4

A trait that is different across each of the species. For example, eye color, fur color, length of arms, stuff like that

Question 5

Behavioral traits

Answer 5

Traits that make organisms each behave in a different way

Question 6

Biochemical traits

Answer 6

Traits that are hard to measure (ex: susceptibility to a certain disease) but can be through experiments

Question 7

Physical traits

Answer 7

Traits that can physically be seen

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

A basic unit of DNA that acts like a “code” that can be followed within a body that makes up a genetic trait. These are made up by mononucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) So the whole list of letters that make up instructions for a specific trait is this

Question 9

Alleles

Answer 9

Alleles are a different version of genes, so that’s why variant traits happen

Question 10

Mutation

Answer 10

a change in a DNA that causes a change in a genetic trait

Question 11

Law of segregation (according to Punnet squares) (review this)

Answer 11

the two alleles of a gene are separated during meiosis

Question 12

Law of independent assortment (review this)

Answer 12

when gametes form, the two copies (alleles) of any given gene segregate during meiosis independently of any two alleles of other genes

Question 13

incomplete dominance

Answer 13

This is when there are two dominant alleles(heterozygous, two different dominant alleles), and they aren’t fully both shown in an organism but kind of an average of the both

Question 14

Codominance

Answer 14

When a dominant heterozygous alleles in the locus, both alleles fully affect the organism and can be seen(ex: pink color fur allele and blue color fur allele, the dog has blue color fur but big pink dots)

Question 15

Pleiotropy

Answer 15

When a single gene affects multiple different traits

Question 16

Polygenic trait

Answer 16

When multiple genes or chromosomes make up a single trait

Question 17

Epistasis

Answer 17

review this

Question 18

Gamete

Answer 18

A gamete is a reproductive cell (sperm in males, egg in females) that carries one allele for each gene.