Bio 3 - D

Question 1

True or false, all organisms need energy to survive?

Answer 1

True, organisms need energy in order to do work and reproduce

Question 2

What are the two ways used for organisms to get energy?

Answer 2

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

This is what plants use, and is when they get energy from the sun (and also water and carbon dioxide from the air) to create carbohydrates (sugar molecules) to use later(they store it somewhere else)

Question 4

Cellular respiration

Answer 4

This is when the carbohydrates that are produced through photosynthesis are broken down and used as energy for daily work

Question 5

True or false, humans do photosynthesis

Answer 5

False, what we do is only cellular respiration. We cannot make carbohydrates but we can eat them from like some meat or some plant matter and then break them down for energy

Question 6

What is the rays that plants use from the sun in order to get energy?

Answer 6

UV rays

Question 7

What happens after photosynthesis

Answer 7

Because plants are using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight in order to make glucose, they are releasing oxygen into the air

Question 8

True or false, photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a cycle

Answer 8

True, when plants do photosynthesis, they release oxygen, and when plants and organisms do cellular respiration, they release carbon dioxide and water back into the environment (through poop or whatever) and so plants can again use the sunlight from the sun, as well as the water and carbon dioxide to make glucose or carbohydrates

Question 9

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 9

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it is changed from one form to another (ex: food is energy as we take it and we break it down and use that energy, and that food came from plants and trees which make it through the process of photosynthesis, or taking sunlight energy, as well as water and carbon dioxide, which are all sources of energy and “meal prepping” it in order to make glucose. So the food that we eat was energy in another form of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

this is all the chemical reactions that occur inside of cells in order to convert food into energy

Question 11

metabolic pathway

Answer 11

a chain of Linked chemical reactions in an order to break down glucose into energy

Question 12

catabolic

Answer 12

cutting down molecules, for example glucose in order to release and use that energy

Question 13

anabolic

Answer 13

having smaller molecules and building them up in order to create a larger molecule (ex: glucose) that is used for energy

Question 14

Note: for example, sunlight is used as energy to combine monomers together, such as carbon dioxide and water, and then that is used to create energy which is anabolism. Catabolism is breaking down those polymers in order to release that sunlight energy, and make that polymer into a bunch of simple monomers

Answer 14

I understand

Question 15

Enzymes(catalysts)

Answer 15

These are protein molecules that speed up chemical reactions (ex: you have two original molecules, and you want to break apart it’s bonds and form new bonds in a new way, these molecules speed up that process)

Question 16

Substrates

Answer 16

They are molecules that are like a trigger for enzymes and chemical reactions that allow the process to start initially

Question 17

active site

Answer 17

REVIEW THIS

Question 18

Energy carriers

Answer 18

Glucose is not in the form in which we can directly break it down and extract it. We need energy carriers, also known as ATP. But once glucose is broken down a decent amount, it comes in the form of ATP, which the molecule that stores energy from glucose. This is what we get the energy from

Question 19

What is ATP made up of?

Answer 19

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is made up of adenosine and phosphate and in between are covalent bonds in which the energy is found.

Question 20

What is ADP?

Answer 20

ADP is an ATP molecule that has lost one phosphate, a long with a lot of energy because one of it’s covalent bonds are lost for use for an organism or plant(it is called diphosphate instead of triphosphate because now it has two phosphates instead of three)

Question 21

What are three other energy carrier molecules?

Answer 21

NADPH, NADH, and FADH2. However, these contain less energy than ATP and ADP, but are still important

Question 22

How can ADP become ATP?

Answer 22

ADP can become ATP if it gets another phosphate and energy from the sun in order to create ATP. This is anabolism. Catabolism is when ATP breaks down and loses phosphate a long with energy in order to give that energy to a cell

Question 23

Chloroplasts

Answer 23

This is what is necessary and is what captures energy from sunlight in order to create glucose and oxygen (as plants release oxygen) a long with water and carbon dioxide

Question 24

What do chloroplasts look like?

Answer 24

Thylakoids are pancake structures that have the chlorophyll molecules inside of them. These stacked are chloroplasts, which are organelles(remember from the biological hierarchy)

Question 25

Chlorophyll vs Chloroplasts

Answer 25

Molecule vs Organelle, meaning chlorophyll is smaller than chloroplasts

Question 26

The light reactions

Answer 26

basically connect adenosine and phosphate to create ATP, which can be broken down to gain energy for organisms

Question 27

The Calvin cycle

Answer 27

A cycle in which plants take carbon dioxide from the air and turn that into glucose or sugar. This does NOT depend on light

Question 28

What else is sun energy used for other than creating bonds?

Answer 28

It is used to crack open water molecules in order to create glucose. It also remove some of it’s electrons. This also releases oxygen, which is another product other than glucose

Question 29

Chloroplasts

Answer 29

They only absorb certain colors. It absorbs blue and red very well.

Question 30

What color do plants not absorb?

Answer 30

The color green, as they are the color green itself, and therefore reflect this

Question 31

What is the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer 31

Basically, the chloroplast takes in energy sunlight and then it takes in carbon dioxide from the air along with water, and it breaks water down to get hydrogen and oxygen and through that process the electrons from water is used to create ATP, or a little packet of energy for later use, and it then uses that hydrogen and oxygen along with carbon dioxide from the air and sunlight energy in order to create glucose. That glucose can be broken down into ATP, which can be used for plants and organisms to finally get energy whenever they need to

Question 32

Cellular respiration

Answer 32

Ingredients:
Glucose
Oxygen

The Mixer:
Mitochondria

The Products:
Carbon dioxide
Water
Energy (ATP)