bio 224 vessels Flashcards by Kimberly Garcia

Blood vessel functions

-transport blood to tissue
- regualte blood flow
- control BP

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Arteries

Distribution system of vasculature, travel AWAY from heart

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Capillaries

exchange system of vasculature

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Capillary beds

very small diameter vessels from branching networks

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Veins

collection system of vasculature, drain blood from capllary beds and return it to heart

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Tissue layers ( Tunics)
Innermost to superficial

Intima, media and externa

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Tunica intima

innermost
simple squamous epithelium

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tunica media

middle layer
- muscular layer

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tunica externa

elastic connective tissue, outer skin of vessel

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Artery has a much thicker

tunica media

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elastic arteries ( conducting)

Largest
- highest pressure of any vessels in system

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Muscular arteries

intermediate \
- well developed tunica media
- supply organs

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Arterioles

smallest arteries

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Baroreceptors

monitor pressure

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chemoreceptors

monitor chemicles

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what percent of blood in body is located in veins

70-76%

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Blood reservoirs

blood diverted from veins to other parts of system

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Venules

smaller vessels drain capillaries into vein

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vascualr anastomoses

locations where vessels connect via pathways called COLLATERAL VESSELS

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venous anastomosis

small veins often interconnected and form web like patterns

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Arteriovenous anastomosis

aretery empities directly into vein WITHOUT passing through capillary bed

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Dynamic

ability to change

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gradient

diff in concentration

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force

influence that causes change

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Pressure

exertion of force

resistance

opposing force

compliance

accepting force

Magnitude of gradient

directly proporational

peripheral resistance

inversly proportional

Area

amount of space in a cross section A=(3.14)R squared

Velocity

decreases as cross sectional area increases

Systemic arterial pressure

pressure of entire systemic circuit

systolic pressure

ventricular contraction 120 mm hg

Diastolic pressure

ventricualr relaxation, 80 mm hg

Pulse pressure

diff between systole and distole is 44 mm hg

Mean arterial pressure

Diastolic pressure + 1/3( pulse pressure)

If BP increase

baroreceptors detect increase in pressure ----- brainstem intergration----- autonomic center in the medulla oblongata and decrease HR --- normal

If BP decreases

baroreceptors detect decreased pressure-----brainstem integration ------ increase sympathetic out put etc. --- nromal

Hypertension

BP rises too high

Hypotension

BP falls lower thhan 90 mm hg or 60 mm hg

secondary hypertension

cause cna be determined

Circulatory shock

severe hypotension; BP is indufficient to deliver oxygen

Hypervolemia

reduced blood volume

Hypovolemic shock

serve blood loss and fatal

Severe hypotension

decreased HR and due to medictaions prescribed to treat hypertension

Anaphylactic shock

Fluid build up Histaime in blood suring severe allergic reation

SEPTIC SHOCK

bacterial pathogenesis in blood, excess vasodilation

Capillary exchange

nutrients, agss, ions and wastes must be able to ross wall and travel between blood in capillaries in tissue cells

Continous capillaries

very little leakage - Muscle, skin nervous tissue

fenestrated capillaries

Moderate leaky - Endo glands -sm - Kidneys

Sinusoidal capillaries

held from random connective tissue - Bone marrow, liver, spleen

Blood flow through capillary beds are

open 25% at any time

Brain is extermely intolerant of

Ischemia

Perfusion pattern is ___ of rest of systemic circuit; heart tissue perfusion _____ during systole

opposite; decreases

brain is _ % of cardiac output

15 %

Skeletal muscle

Blood flow changes dramaticaly during exercise

Hyperemia

structure of arteries supplying skeletal muscle tissue

Feed artery

artery that enters skeletal muscle

Hydrostatic pressure

drives water out of capillary

Osmotic pressure

draws fluid into capillary

Hydrostatic pressure in diagram

arterole= 35 mmhg Interstitial fluid= 0 mm hg venule= 15 mm hg

Colloid osmotic pressure

protiens are too large to elave capillary so osmotic pressure remains consistant - OP draws water INTO THE CAPILLARY

Osmotic pressure diagram

arterole= 25 mmhg Interstitial fluid= 3 mm hg venule= 25 mm hg

If HP is higher than OP water leaves the capillary by

filtration

If OP is higher thean HP, water enters the capillary by

Osmosis

capillary net filtration pressure

OP and HP gradient drive water in opposite directions

Edema

excessive amount of water in interstital fluid

Peripheral edema

foudn in hands and feet where HP gradint is slightly higher due to gravity

Ascites

excess water tends to accumulate in intersitial fluid of abdomen ( Looking prego)