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Bio 224 Dextur > BIO 224 blood > Flashcards

BIO 224 blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood

A

5 liters
fluid connective tissue and makes up 8 % total body weight

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2
Q

formed elements

A

cella and cell fragments found suspnded in plasma
(ERYTHROCYTES; RBC
LEUKOCYTE; WBC
PLATELETS ; SMALL CELLULAR FRAGMENTS)

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3
Q

Plasma

A

1 or 2 major components of blood a
liquid extracellular martix of blood

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4
Q

Centrifuged

A

3 layers in blood smaple

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5
Q

Plasma

A

55% total volume
water, plasma protien, and small soultes

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6
Q

Buffy coat

A

1%
Platelets and leukocyte

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7
Q

Erythrocytes
(hematocrit)

A

erythrocytes ;44%

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8
Q

some blood functions

A

Exchanging gases , distributing solutes, preforming immune func., maintain body temp, func. in blood clotting, preserving acid- base hemostasis, stabilazing BP

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9
Q

Higher RBC surface area

A

is vital in gas exachange

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10
Q

anucleate

A

mature RBC; lost nucleus during maturation
- lack most other cell organelles

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11
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Large protien with 4 polypeptide subunits ( 2 alpha and two beta)

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12
Q

heme group

A

each polypeptide is bound to iorn- containing compunds

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13
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

iron ion in each heme group is oxidized; when binds to oxygen in regions of high oxygen

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14
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin

A

lower oxygen accounts for 23% of co2 tranport in blood

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15
Q

carboxyhemoglobin

A

hemoglobin bind to carbon monoxide
- Chnages shape making it unable to uload oxygen into oxygen depreived tissue and lead to death

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16
Q

Erythrocyte life span

A

100-120 days
Due to harsh enviroment

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17
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

take place in red bone marrow

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18
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)

A

formed elemnts in blood are produced by

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19
Q

erythropoiesis

A

specific hematopoietic process that produces erythrocytes from HSC

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20
Q

What triggers erythropoiesis

A

low oxygen detected by kidney and
then produces erthropoietin into blood into the bone marrow which turns into normal

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21
Q

Erythrocyte death

A
  1. Erythrocyte becomes trapped in sinusoids of spleen
  2. spleen macropages digest erthrycytes
  3. hemo is broken down into maino acids, iron ions and bilirubin
    4a. Iron ion and amino acids are recyled and used to make new hemo in red bone marrow
    4b. bilirubin is semt into liver for excretion
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22
Q

Anemia

A

low oxygen carying capacity of blood

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23
Q

anemia 3 main causes

A

low hemoglobin
loe hemocrit
abnormal hemoglobin

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24
Q

Symptomes of anemia

A

Pallor, fatigue, weakness and shortness of breath

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25
iron deficiency anemia
most common caused by inadequate diet, reduced inestinal absorption and slow blood loss
26
Pernicious anemia
Vitamin B 12 deficiency interfec with DNA synthesis of rapid dividing cells
27
Hemolytic anemia
a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced, leading to a low red blood cell count.
28
Aplastic anmeia
a rare and serious blood disorder characterized by the bone marrow's failure to produce enough blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
29
Sickle cell disease
most common exmaple
30
hemoglobin s ( HbS)
abnormal hemoglobin when oxygen levels are low, RBC change into sickle shape which leads to erythrocyte destrucion in small vessles
31
Leukocyte dived into two
Granulocyte and agranulocyte
32
Granulocyte
cotains cytoplasmic granules that are released when activated - have unusual nuclei
33
Methylane blue
basic stain
34
Eosin
acidic stain
35
agranulocyte
Lakc visuble grancyles contain; lumphocytes and monocytes
36
Neutrophils ( smile face) AND WHAT DOES IT DO?
Most commo leukocyte -Injured cells release chemicals that attract neutrophils ( CHEMOTAXIS) Attracted to damaged cells
37
polymorphonucleocyte
uniquely shaped nucleus composed of 3-5 lobes
38
Eosiniphils ( Deadpool)
Phagocyte that ingest foregin molecules responses to PARAITIC WORMS AND ALLERGIC REACTIONS
39
Basophils ( Blackberry)
Least common - Have s-shaped nucleus and appear dark purple due to dye
40
Lymphocytes
similar apperances but differnt function both activated by antigens
41
b lymph ( B cells) and what does it do
Produce antibodies which bind to and remove antigens from tissue produces antibodies and will learn how to defend specific antigen
42
t lymp ( t cells) and what does it do
do not procude antibodies but activate other immune system components and directly abnormal body cells Go to thymus gland----- thymosin--- t cell ( can fight self cell)--- helper t OR cytotocic
43
Macrophages
eat big things, do not spread much into bloodstream
44
Monocytes ( Horseshoe) and what they do
Largest leukocyte u-shaped nuceli MACROPAHGES; Phagocytic cells that ingested dead and dying cells ( raise dead cell so evryone can prepree for battle)
45
Leukopoiesis
process bone marrow in which HSC form bew leukocytes
46
Myeloid cell line
produces most formed elements HSC---- mature-- myloid line
47
Lymphoid cell line
PRODUCED LYMPHOBLASTS, and commited to becoming b and t lympocytes that then develop into prolymphocyte
48
HSC start and form into two others....
Myeloid cell ( all other cell) or lymphoid cell ( T and B lymp)
48
Platelets
small cell fragments surrounded by plasma membrane , invloved in HEMOSTASIS - no nuceli or organells - several type of granules
49
Hemostasis
process that stops blood loss from ijured blood vessel
50
Thrombopoiesis
producing plastelts in RBM
51
Megakaryoblasts
differetitate into committed presurour cells
52
Megakaryocyte
myeloid cell line megakaryiblasts develop
53
thrombopoietin
mature megakaryocyte when stimulated by thrombopoiten send cytoplasmic extenions through cleft in bone marrow
54
Hemostats
blood clot that plugs broken vessel 1.Vascular spasm 2. platelt plug formation 3. coagulation 4. clot retraction 5. thrombolysis
55
Vascualr spasm
vasoconstristion and increased tissue pressure ( minimize blood preasure and blood flow)
56
Platelet plug formation
patch, consisting mostly of platelets and adheres to injury site
57
Von Willebrand factor
binds platelets which activate thema nd cause to stick to exposed collagen
58
Coagulation
process that forms molecualr glye that binds platelets endothelial cells and there formed elements cascade of events INTRINSIC (CONTACT ACTIVATION)AND EXTRINSIC (TISSUE)
59
CLOT retraction
when cascade near its completion - Actin and mysoin fibers ( bings edges of wounded vessel closer together)
60
Serum
fluid of plasma without coltting protuens and forced out of clot during clot retraction
61
Thrombolysis
begins after injury has helaed and blood clotting is no longer nescessary
62
Fibronolysis
break down fibrin glue and invloves relase TPA
63
TpA
Initiate thrombolysis
64
coltting disorder
coltting is not regualted properly can has two bleeding and hypercoaguable disorder
65
Bleeding disorder
Increase blood loss from minor injury is not able to clot
66
Hemophilia A and hemophilia B
shortage of factor VII shortage of factor IX
67
Hypercoaguable conditions
results in formting inapporpriate clots ( Thrombosis) ( Thrombus) dangerous and obstruct blood flow (Thrombeomebolism) break off thromus and small vessels ( Deep vein theomosis) Thrombi commonly form in deep vein of legs ( Pulmonary embolism) Dangerous complicaton of DVT

Bio 224 Dextur (12 decks)

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