Bio 20: Section 3.3 Flashcards
the average weather conditions in a particular region over time (30 yrs)
climate
what two things determine climate?
temp and precipitation
what factors determine climate?
LOWERN
what does the l stand for?
Latitude - distance from equator
what does the o stand for?
ocean currents - temp affects air and coast
what does the w stand for?
wind - air rising = low pressure, air cooling = high pressure
what does the e stand for?
elevation - temp and humidity decreases as u go higher
what does the r stand for?
relief - diff. in elevation of land = as air moves over it, temp decreases and condensation increases and rain increases
what does the n stand for?
nearness of water - water moderates temp due to high heat capacity
large ecosystems, or similar ecosystems grouped together; has a particular mix of plants, animals, and other organisms
biome
the organisms in a biome are adapted to living under ____________ _____________
certain conditions
when a biome (like the tropical rainforest) has both high temp and rainfall, it typically has a wide _____________ and _________________
variety, abundance
which biome is both hot and has lots of rainfall?
tropical rainforest
which biome has a high temp and low rain?
desert
which biome has a low temp and low rain?
tundra
which biome has relatively low temp and relatively low rain?
taiga
which biome has a med. temp and low rain?
grassland
which two biomes are side by side with med rain and med temp?
temperate deciduous forest & temperate rainforest
which biome has a relatively low rain and high temp?
savanna
what is one similarity bw ecosystems and biomes?
they both have abiotic & biotic factors
a place or area with a particular set of characteristics, both biotic & abiotic
habitat
the geographical extent to which a pop. or species can be found
range
extinction in a certain area
extirpation
the limit to a species’ range is usually determined by its ______________ requirements
habitat
the role that members of a species plays in a community
ecological niche
what are examples of niches?
what it eats, when it eats (ex. bats and birds both eat worms), its reproduction
the total range of biotic & abiotic requirements
ecological niche
scenario: the _________________ is the street address of the pop., & the _________________ is the job of that pop.
habitat, niche
ex. birds & bats
why is an organism that only eats 2 species at a higher risk of becoming endangered than an organims that eats 10 species?
b/c it has such a specific niche that it can’t adapt to other things
its food requirements are so limited that if it’s gone, then the organism is in danger
explain biodiversity
when there’s a range of abiotic factors, there’s more niches, allowing for more biodiversity
ex. lots of water in a lake = can host lots of organism b/c there’s lots of space & some can live in shallow or deep water (so now more niches) = more biodiversity b/c of the range of species living in that lake
what controls the growth and distribution of pop.
limiting factors
pop. can’t grow in an _________________ fashion for a long sustained period of time
unlimited
what are examples of abiotic limiting factors?
water
sunlight
temp
soil quality
what are examples of biotic limiting factors?
food
predation
competition
parasitism
comp. b/w diff species
interspecific - 1 species may be outcompeted
comp. within same species
intraspecific - limits size of pop.
they ________________, but if too high, prey pop may decrease to unsustainable levels due to ___________________
flunctuate, predation
if too high, __________________ could cause the host pop. to decrease to unsustainable levels
parasitism
the most common way to count or estimate the number of indivi. in a ______________, then calc the ________________
sample, average
small portions or subsets of an entire pop.
sample
after finding the average number of organisms in an area from the taking samples, you can then use your calc to __________________ for the entire ecosystem
extrapolate
a line of a certain length is “drawn”/placed with a random starting point and random direction
transect
what do you do with a transect line after it’s been placed?
count the number of organisms within a certain distance from the line
for organisms that tend to remain in one spot & is used to sample a given pop.
quadrats
what do you call organism that tend to remain in one spot? (ex. plants)
sessile
quadrats: a study area is determined, and then a number of _____________ locations are chosen within it
random
after establishing a quadrat, what do you do after that?
you count the number of indivi. in that quadrat
in an aquatic ecosystem, what is used instead of a quadrat?
water column (3D)
what is (usually) the area of a quadrat?
1 square m
remember: when taking samples through any method, they must be _____________ samples in order to allow an equal representation of all indivi.
random
