Bio 20: Section 1.1 Flashcards
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6 H2O + 6 CO2 —-> 6 O2 + C6H12O6
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
6 O2 + C6H12O6 —-> 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + energy (ATP)
using sunlight as an energy source to make food
photosynthesis
organisms that use sunlight/chemicals to produce food & energy for themselves
producers
what is another name for producers?
autotrophs
organisms that need to obtain energy through eating other organisms
consumers
what is another name for consumers?
heterotrophs
describes the amount of reflected radiant energy (light)
albedo
what % value of albedo do light-coloured reflective surfaces and thick cloud cover have?
80-90% (high albedo)
what % value of albedo do dark-coloured surfaces such as forest canopies have?
25% or less (low albedo)
what % value of albedo do man-made surfaces have?
2-12% (lowest albedo)
______% of radiant energy from the Sun is absorbed by gases such as water vapour and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
19%
_____% of radiant energy that reaches Earth’s surface and is absorbed
51%
_____% of radiant energy that is reflected from clouds, dust particles in the atmosphere, and water and land at Earth’s surface
30%
______% of radiant energy is captured by producers on land and in the ocean
1% to 2%
But what % is the incoming radiant energy from the Sun?
100%
what is the runaway effect?
increase in temp —> decrease in ice cover —> decrease in reflection —> increase in temp —> decrease in ice cover…
the deep _________________ vent community
hydrothermal
using chemicals (break down the chemical bonds in hydrogen sulfide) to produce food
chemosynthesis
where is the source of hydrogen sulfide coming from?
is emitted from the deep sea vent
what is the equation for chemosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 3 H2S —> C6H12O6 + 3 H2SO4
what do primary consumers eat?
producers
what are examples of primary consumers?
giant tubeworms,
hydrothermal vent clams,
shrimp
crabs
what kind of consumers are herbivores?
primary consumers
why are herbivores primary consumers?
because they consume plants, which are producers
what are secondary conumers?
consumers that eat primary
what are tertiary consumers?
consumers that eat secondary
why are decomposers heterotrophic organisms, and not producers?
b/c they don’t make their own energy
what is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
energy is neither created, nor destroyed, only transferred
what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
no energy transformation is 100% efficient; energy is lost in other forms
what other forms can energy be lost in?
sound, light, heat
what 3 things are the biosphere composed of?
atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
matter cycles, energy _______
flows
as chemical energy is transformed from producers all the way to decomposers, all that energy dissipates as ________
heat
