Bio 110 Lab 8 Enzymes Flashcards
metabolism
all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
reactants
molecules that undergo a change
products
molecules that are changed
the number of reactants and products in a reaction can
vary
in lab 8 there were
1 reactant and 2 products
all the reactions that occur in a cell have an
enzyme
enzymes are
organic catalysts that speed metabolic reactions; specific and speed only 1 type of reaction
substrate
reactants in an enzymatic chemical reaction
enzymatic reaction occurs
on the surface of the enzyme at the active site
degradation
substrate is broken down; also called catabolic; energy goes out
synthesis
substrates are combined; also called anabolic; energy is required
enzymes are specific because they
have a shape that accommodates the shape of their substrates.
E=
ES=
P=
enzyme
enzyme substrate complex
product
active site
the location where the enzyme and substrate form an enzyme substrate complex
at the end of the reaction
the product is released and the enzyme can then combine with with a substrate again.
a cell only needs
a small amount of an enzyme because enzymes are used over and over.
some enzymes have turnover rates in excess of
a million product molecules per minute.
catalase
involved in a degradation reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of nearly all organisms.
a peroxisome
contains catalase and is present in every plant and animal organ.
hydrogen peroxide harms cells because
it is a powerful oxidizer that can attack and denature cellular molecules like DNA
hydrogen peroxide is used as
a commercial antiseptic to kill germs whitening agent to bleach hair and teeth provide oxygen to aquatic plants and fish industrial cleaners glow sticks where it reacts with dye
when catalase speeds the breakdown of H2O2
water and oxygen are released
2 H2O2–> 2H2O + O2
bubbling when you apply H2O2 to a cut because
oxygen is being released when the catalase in your body reacts with the H2O2 when oxygen is being released.
active sites of enzymes increase the
likelihood that substrate molecules will find each other and interact, thereby lowering the energy of activation
energy of activation
the temperate needed for a for a reaction to occur
increasing the temperature is expected to
increase the likelihood that active sites will be occupied because molecules move about more rapidly as the temperature rises.
the shape of an enzyme and its active site must be maintained or else
they will no longer be functional.
very high temperatures
is likely to cause weak bonds of a protein to break, causing the enzyme to denature, losing its shape and the active site will no longer functioning.
if you increase the amount of enzyme per amount of substrate it
is more likely that the substrates will find the active site of the enzyme and a reaction will take place.
each enzyme has a pH
at which the speed of the reaction is optimum, any higher or lower leads to reduced activity. catalase is 7
warm temperature promotes enzyme activity because it
creates more molecule collisions
reactants between first reactant and product are
intermediates.
ratio of substrate to enzymes is
concentration
