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Bio 110 Lab > Bio 110 Lab 5 > Flashcards

Bio 110 Lab 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Any model is a representation of reality, based on:

A

Knowledge obtained through X-ray crystallography or other studies.

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2
Q

Number of holes represents:

A

The number of valance electrons available for bonding.

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3
Q

A molecule will not be (???) until all of it’s holes are (???).

A

Complete

Filled

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4
Q

The models we worked with do not give

A

Accurate Scale

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5
Q

Black represented:

A

Carbon

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6
Q

Orange represented:

A

R Groups

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7
Q

Red represented:

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

Blue represented:

A

Nitrogen

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9
Q

Yellow represented:

A

Hydrogen

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10
Q

The 4 classes of macromolecules are:

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and amino acids.

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11
Q

All cells are made up of:

A

Macromolecules.

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12
Q

A polar molecule is one with a:

A

Positive region and a negative region.

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13
Q

A polar molecule occurs due to:

A

Electronegativity.

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14
Q

Electronegativity

A

The tendency of an atom to pull electrons to itself.

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15
Q

An electronegative atom will steal electrons, and will:

The other atoms will:

A

gain a partially negative charge.

be left with a partially positive charge.

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16
Q

A Compound with an electronegative atom such as (??? X3) will most likely be:

A

Oxygen, nitrogen, or phosphorus

Polar.

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17
Q

An extremely large molecule with only one electronegative atom will most likely be:

A

Nonpolar.

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18
Q

Polar molecules are hydro—- and will or will not dissolve in water?

A

hydrophilic

will dissolve.

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19
Q

In a water molecule which end is positive and which is negative?

A

Oxygen is negative, hydrogen is positive.

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20
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Molecules made up of only carbon and hydrogens with covalent bonds.

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21
Q

Hydrocarbons make up the…

A

backbones for more complex organic molecules.

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22
Q

Organic molecules are…

A

those containing carbon and usually hydrogen.

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23
Q

Double bonds make an atom…

A

more stable.

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24
Q

Proteins are macromolecules composed of…

A

Amino acids joined with peptide bonds.

25
Q

Amino acids are also called

A

peptides.

26
Q

Peptide bonds are formed by

A

dehydration reactions (condensation reactions).

27
Q

Enzymes are make of —– and do —– of a cell.

A

proteins, all the work

28
Q

Functions of proteins include…

A

protection (skin, hair, nails)
movement (muscles)
transport of molecules (hemoglobin)
immunity (antibodies)

29
Q

Amino acids consist of…

A

A central carbon (alpha carbon) with a hydogen
an amino group
a carboxyl group
and an R group

30
Q

An amino group is (formula)…

A

NH2 or +NH3 (ionized)

31
Q

A carboxyl group is (formula)…

A

COOH or COO (one - ionized)

32
Q

2 joined amino acids form a

A

dipeptide. (and a water by dehydration)

33
Q

A starch is a…

A

complex carbohydrate.

34
Q

Complex carbohydrates are composed of…

A

hundreds of simple sugars.

35
Q

Glucose is…

A

a simple sugar, used as an energy source.

36
Q

Complex carbohydrates are used for…

A

storage or structural components.

37
Q

Examples of complex carbohydrates…

A

Starch in the root of potatoes
Cellulose in plants
mucus in humans

38
Q

In the absence of water, glucose will be…

A

a straight chain.

39
Q

In water straight chain sugars form…

A

rings.

40
Q

Sucrose is…

A

table sugar.

41
Q

Fructose is from…

A

fruit.

42
Q

Nucleotides are

A

the subunits of DNA and RNA.

43
Q

DNA and RNA are both

A

nucleic acids.

44
Q

DNA carries

A

information from parents to offspring and the molecule that tells a living thing what to be.

45
Q

RNA is for

A

temporary information storage.

46
Q

DNA is found in

A

the nucleus.

47
Q

RNA is found in

A

the nucleus or with ribosomes on the rough ER.

48
Q

Ribose has what compared to deoxyribose?

A

One extra oxygen atom, resulting in a hydroxyl group.

49
Q

Lipids come in the form of

A

steroids, phospholipids, fats and oils.

50
Q

Steroids are

A

chemical messengers of the body composed of 4 fused rings.

51
Q

Phospholipids make

A

membranes composed of Glycerol, 2 fatty acids and phosphate.

52
Q

The subunits of fats and oils are

A

3 fatty acids and one glycerol head group.

53
Q

Fats are

A

energy storage.

54
Q

Adipose tissue

A

specialized fat cells where humans store fat. (waist, under eyes, thighs)

55
Q

Waxy nature of some plants is due to…

A

lipids and will help retain water, or make it difficult for insects to eat the leaves.

56
Q

Saturated fatty acids…

A

solid at room temperature; long hydrocarbon made with only single bonds; impossible to add anymore hydrogen.

57
Q

Oils are…

A

liquid at room temperature, unsaturated fatty acids, have double bonds, so more hydrogens could be added.

58
Q

The head of a phospholipid is

A

Polar.

Bio 110 Lab (5 decks)

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