Bio 110 Lab 7

Question 1

Carbohydrates are made up of:

Answer 1

polysaccharides formed of monosaccharides.

Question 2

Large organic molecules form during

Answer 2

condensation synthesis.

Question 3

Hydrolysis

Answer 3

bonds are broken as water is added.

Question 4

If a color change is observed the test is said to be

Answer 4

positive, because it indicates that the molecule is present.

Question 5

The positive control:

Answer 5

goes thru all the steps of the experiment and does contain the substance being tested, therefore, positive results are expected.

Question 6

The negative control:

Answer 6

does not contain the substance being tested, therefore negative results are expected.

Question 7

Benedict’s reagent

Answer 7

tests for glucose and changes color (anywhere from green to red) upon heating if glucose is present.

Question 8

Antibodies are:

Answer 8

proteins that combine with pathogens so that the pathogens are destroyed by the body.

Question 9

Transport proteins:

Answer 9

combine with and move substances from place to place.

Question 10

Hemoglobin:

Answer 10

transports oxygen throughout the body.

Question 11

Albumin is:

Answer 11

a transport protein in our blood.

Question 12

Regulatory proteins:

Answer 12

control cellular metabolism.

Question 13

Structural proteins:

Answer 13

include keratin (hair) and myosin (muscle)

Question 14

Enzymes

Answer 14

proteins that speed up chemical reactions.

Question 15

Amylase

Answer 15

enzyme that speeds the breakdown of starch in the mouth and small intestine.

Question 16

About ___ different common amino acids are found in cells.

Answer 16

20

Question 17

All amino acids have

Answer 17

an acidic group (-COOH) and and Amino group (H2N) and an R group.

Question 18

Amino acids differ by…

Answer 18

The R group (remainder group) attached to a carbon atom.

Question 19

Peptide

Answer 19

a chain of 2 or more amino acids.

Question 20

Polypeptide

Answer 20

very long chain of amino acids.

Question 21

Insulin contains

Answer 21

a single polypeptide chain.

Question 22

Hemoglobin contains:

Answer 22

4 polypeptides.

Question 23

A protein’s shape:

Answer 23

is important to its function, and comes about because the R groups can interact in various ways.

Question 24

Biuret reagent

Answer 24

Blue color; contains a solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide and dilute copper sulfate.

Question 25

Biuret reagent changes color

Answer 25

in the presence of proteins or peptides because the peptide bonds chemically combine with the copper ions.

Question 26

Maltose is

Answer 26

a disaccharide; it has 2 sugar units.

Question 27

Energy is released when

Answer 27

glucose is brown down to CO2 and water.

Question 28

Animals store glucose as

Plants store glucose as

Answer 28

glycogen

starch

Question 29

Plant cell walls are composed of

Answer 29

cellulose

Question 30

Amylose is

Amylopectin is

Answer 30

nonbranched

branched.

Question 31

In the presence of starch, iodine solution:

Answer 31

reacts chemically with starch to from a blue-black color by nestling into the coils.

Question 32

Lipids are soluble in

Answer 32

solvents like alcohol and ether.

Question 33

Phospholipids differ from adipose tissue in that:

Answer 33

in place of a fatty acid, there is a phosphate group.

Question 34

Steroids are:

Answer 34

derived from cholesterol and have skeletons of 4 fused rings of carbon atoms, but have different functional groups.

Question 35

Phospholipids are found in

Answer 35

plasma membrane of cells.

Question 36

Since water is polar it is a:

Answer 36

good solvent for other polar molecules, because the charged ends interact and the molecules disperse.

Question 37

Emulsifier

Answer 37

contains molecules with both polar and nonpolar ends, causing the fats to disperse and an emulsion results.

Question 38

Bile salts:

Answer 38

emulsifiers found in bile.

Question 39

Homogenization

Answer 39

requires addition of phospholipids (natural emulsifiers) since the head is polar and the tails aren’t.