Bio 110 Lab 7 Flashcards
Carbohydrates are made up of:
polysaccharides formed of monosaccharides.
Large organic molecules form during
condensation synthesis.
Hydrolysis
bonds are broken as water is added.
If a color change is observed the test is said to be
positive, because it indicates that the molecule is present.
The positive control:
goes thru all the steps of the experiment and does contain the substance being tested, therefore, positive results are expected.
The negative control:
does not contain the substance being tested, therefore negative results are expected.
Benedict’s reagent
tests for glucose and changes color (anywhere from green to red) upon heating if glucose is present.
Antibodies are:
proteins that combine with pathogens so that the pathogens are destroyed by the body.
Transport proteins:
combine with and move substances from place to place.
Hemoglobin:
transports oxygen throughout the body.
Albumin is:
a transport protein in our blood.
Regulatory proteins:
control cellular metabolism.
Structural proteins:
include keratin (hair) and myosin (muscle)
Enzymes
proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
Amylase
enzyme that speeds the breakdown of starch in the mouth and small intestine.
About ___ different common amino acids are found in cells.
20
All amino acids have
an acidic group (-COOH) and and Amino group (H2N) and an R group.
Amino acids differ by…
The R group (remainder group) attached to a carbon atom.
Peptide
a chain of 2 or more amino acids.
Polypeptide
very long chain of amino acids.
Insulin contains
a single polypeptide chain.
Hemoglobin contains:
4 polypeptides.
A protein’s shape:
is important to its function, and comes about because the R groups can interact in various ways.
Biuret reagent
Blue color; contains a solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide and dilute copper sulfate.
Biuret reagent changes color
in the presence of proteins or peptides because the peptide bonds chemically combine with the copper ions.
Maltose is
a disaccharide; it has 2 sugar units.
Energy is released when
glucose is brown down to CO2 and water.
Animals store glucose as
Plants store glucose as
glycogen
starch
Plant cell walls are composed of
cellulose
Amylose is
Amylopectin is
nonbranched
branched.
In the presence of starch, iodine solution:
reacts chemically with starch to from a blue-black color by nestling into the coils.
Lipids are soluble in
solvents like alcohol and ether.
Phospholipids differ from adipose tissue in that:
in place of a fatty acid, there is a phosphate group.
Steroids are:
derived from cholesterol and have skeletons of 4 fused rings of carbon atoms, but have different functional groups.
Phospholipids are found in
plasma membrane of cells.
Since water is polar it is a:
good solvent for other polar molecules, because the charged ends interact and the molecules disperse.
Emulsifier
contains molecules with both polar and nonpolar ends, causing the fats to disperse and an emulsion results.
Bile salts:
emulsifiers found in bile.
Homogenization
requires addition of phospholipids (natural emulsifiers) since the head is polar and the tails aren’t.
