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Bio 100 > Bio 100 Unit #4 > Flashcards

Bio 100 Unit #4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

These are the 5 functions of the circulatory system.

A
  1. Delivering Nutrients 2. Collecting Metabolic Wastes from Cells 3. Regulation of body temperature 4. Fighting infection 5. Distribution of Hormones
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2
Q

This is what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity during INHALATION.

A

the volume INCREASES

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3
Q

This is the type of digestion that occurs in the mouth.

A

Mechanical AND Chemical

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4
Q

The purpose of fermentation is this.

A

To release NAD+ for glycolysis. No ATP is produced by fermentation.

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5
Q

This sticky substance is found in both the digestive and respiratory systems.

A

Mucus

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6
Q

Name 2 types of fermentation.

A

Alcohol and Lactic Acid fermentation

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7
Q

Name the 2 products of lactic acid fermentation.

A

NAD+ and lactic acid

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8
Q

Name the 3 products of alcohol fermentation.

A

NAD+, alcohol, and CO2

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9
Q

Name the four valves found in the heart.

A

Tricuspid, Pulmonary (right side) Mitral, & Aortic (left side)

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10
Q

These are the 3 conditions for an ideal respiratory surface.

A

a. Moist for dissolving O2 b. Huge surface area c. Single layer of cells

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11
Q

Saliva is important for 2 reasons, what are they?

A
  1. Contains digestive enzymes 2. Lubricates food for swallowing
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12
Q

These are the products of converting pyruvate.

A

NADH, CO2, & Acetyl Co-A

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13
Q

This is where blood travels from each atrium.

A

Ventricle

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14
Q

This is one purpose of inhalation.

A

Provides O2 for cellular respiration

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15
Q

Name the 2 sphincters connected to the stomach & their location.

A

Cardiac: between esophagus & stomach Pyloric: between stomach & small intestine

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16
Q

If an oxidation reaction occurs this happens also.

A

Reduction reaction

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17
Q

Name 3 organs that PRODUCE secretions for DIGESTION in the duodenum.

A

Liver: bile Pancreas: pancreatic juices Duodenum: peptidase

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18
Q

This is the pathway of air from the larynx.

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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19
Q

This this the purpose of Adenosine Triphosphate.

A

Usable energy!! (ATP)

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20
Q

These are 2 pathways of circulation.

A

Systemic & Pulmonary

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21
Q

This circulation pathway is from the heart to the lungs & back.

A

Pulmonary

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22
Q

These organisms do lactic acid fermentation.

A

Mammals & some bacteria

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23
Q

This process drives gas exchange in the alveoli.

A

Diffusion

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24
Q

This circulation pathway is from the heart to the BODY & back.

A

Systemic

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25
Q

This structure relaxes & moves upward during exhalation.

A

Diaphragm

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26
Q

CO2 moves in this direction in the lungs.

A

From capillaries to alveoli

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27
Q

O2 moves in this direction in the lungs.

A

From alveoli to capillaries

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28
Q

This process uses muscles to squeeze food through the digestive tract.

A

Peristalsis

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29
Q

This is the estimated number of ATP produced by cellular respiration from one glucose molecule.

A

32

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30
Q

These blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart.

A

Arteries

31
Q

The trachea has rings of this material to keep it open at all times.

A

Cartilage

32
Q

This structure STORES bile for the liver.

A

Gallbladder

33
Q

These organelles produce the majority of cellular ATP.

A

Mitochondria

34
Q

Dirty blood has these levels of gases.

A

High CO2 Low O2

35
Q

Name 3 pancreatic secretions.

A

Insulin, pancreatic juices, sodium bicarbonate

36
Q

This is oxygen’s role in the ETC.

A

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC.

37
Q

These blood vessels carry blood toward the heart.

A

Veins

38
Q

This flap covers the trachea.

A

Epiglottis

39
Q

This is the 3 steps of cellular respiration, in order.

A

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC

40
Q

This is the final product of glycolysis.

A

Pyruvate

41
Q

Humans have this type of circulation.

A

Closed

42
Q

This process uses glucose and O2 to produce ATP.

A

Cellular respiration

43
Q

Though the stomach does some mechanical digestion, the majority occurs here.

A

Mouth

44
Q

This part of the brain causes the diaphragm to contract.

A

Medulla oblongata

45
Q

Low O2 blood is found in these structures of the heart.

A

Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Arteries

46
Q

This is the equation for cellular respiration.

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (& ATP!)

47
Q

This substance uses salts to emulsify (break down) fats in the duodenum.

A

Bile

48
Q

During exhalation, the rib cages does this.

A

Relaxes & moves down & in

49
Q

This is the liquid component of blood.

A

Plasma

50
Q

This happens during an oxidation reaction.

A

A molecule LOSES an electron.

51
Q

This happens during a reduction reaction.

A

A molecule GAINS an electron.

52
Q

The large surface area of the small intestine is due to these.

A

Villi and microvilli

53
Q

Red blood cells of the circulatory system contain this protein for carrying oxygen.

A

Hemoglobin

54
Q

This is where glycolysis occurs in a cell.

A

Cytoplasm

55
Q

This is the only electron carrier produced by glycolysis.

A

NADH

56
Q

This is a fancy name for “chewing”.

A

Mastication

57
Q

This is when blood has low levels of hemoglobin or red blood cell count.

A

Anemia

58
Q

The ETC produces ATP in this organelle.

A

Mitochondria

59
Q

Acetyl Co-A is the starting material for this process.

A

Krebs cycle

60
Q

High levels of this gas in the blood increase breathing rate.

A

CO2

61
Q

The ETC uses these 2 electron carriers to make ATP.

A

NADH and FADH2

62
Q

Starch digestion BEGINS here.

A

Mouth

63
Q

What do each of the blood pressure numbers represent?

A

Upper = pressure during contraction of heart (systole) Lower = pressure when heart is relaxed (diastole)

64
Q

This organ absorbs excess water from digested material.

A

Large intestine.

65
Q

This waste gas is produced in the Krebs cycle.

A

CO2

66
Q

This organ is responsible for the majority of chemical digestion.

A

Small intestine

67
Q

These cells fight infection.

A

White Blood Cells (WBC)

68
Q

This is an example of NEGATIVE pressure breathing.

A

Normal human breathing

69
Q

This is called the citric acid cycle because it produces this acid.

A

Krebs cycle

70
Q

This is a soft ball of partially chewed food.

A

Bolus

71
Q

This is a soupy mix of well digested material.

A

Chyme

72
Q

These structures carry out diffusion for gas exchange.

A

Alveoli and lung capillaries

73
Q

This is the score you will get on the Unit 4 test.

A

A!

Bio 100 (5 decks)

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