Bio 100 Unit #3 Flashcards
Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur?
The Calvin Cycle happens in the STROMA.
What is another term for a producer?
Producers are also known as AUTOTROPHS.
Where do the LDR happen?
The Light Dependent Reactions occur in the thylakoids of chloroplasts.
What are 3 products of the LDR?
The LDR produces ATP & NADPH for the Calvin Cycle. It also produces OXYGEN GAS.
What are the characteristics of Dicots?
Dicots have: branched veins, 2 cotyledons, ringed vascular bundles, flower parts in multiples of 4’s or 5’s and tap roots.
What is transpirational pull?
Transpirational pull is the process that moves water and minerals upward in vascular plants.
What structure in the LDR produces ATP?
ATP SYNTHASE make ATP.
In which layers of a leaf does photosynthesis occur?
Most photosynthesis happens in the PALISADE MESOPHYLL but some also happens in the SPONGY MESOPHYLL.
What is endosperm?
Endosperm is stored food within a seed and is triploid.
What is the difference between the Corolla and the Calyx in flowers?
The COROLLA is all the petals while the CALYX is all the sepals.
What is the loss of water from plant leaves called?
Transpiration
What do photons of light do in the LDR?
Excite electrons
What are 3 parts of the female part of a flower?
The pistil is make of the stigma, style and ovary.
What plant pigment is found in the thylakoid membranes?
Chlorophyll
What structures absorb water and minerals?
Root hairs
T or F: All vascular plants reproduce with seeds.
False, ferns reproduce with spores and are vascular.
Which comes first, fertilization or pollination?
Pollination
Which step of photosynthesis produces NADPH?
LDR
T or F: the LDR can happen in the dark but the Calvin cycle requires light.
False, just the opposite is true.
What organisms are producers?
Plants, algae, some Protists and some bacteria
What gas is produced by photosynthesis?
Oxygen
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity, temperature, amount of CO2 and Water
What is the cuticle of a plant?
Waxy layer on leaves that prevents water loss.
What layer of the plant allows for gas exchange?
The spongy mesophyll.
What is a pollen tube?
A passageway that allows fertilization in plants.
Can plants only reproduce sexually?
No, vegetative propagation can be used for reproduction and is asexual
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
One turn of the Calvin Cycle produces this main product.
G3P - glyceraldahyde 3 phosphate, which is essentially 1/2 of a glucose molecule
In which direction(s) does Xylem carry water & minerals?
Up
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen
How is oxygen produced in the LDR?
Water splits when donating electrons to photosystem II.
This part of the plant causes an increase in length.
Apical meristem
This part of the plant causes an increase in width.
Lateral meristem
What is the receptacle on a flower?
The receptacle is where the flower attaches to the stem.
What is the epidermis in leaves?
The epidermis is the layer of protective cells above and below the cells which carry out photosynthesis.
In which photosystem is P700 and how does it replace its missing electrons?
P700 is found in Photosystem I so it gets replacement electrons from P680.
How many sperm cells in a pollen grain?
2, one to fertilize the egg, one to produce the endosperm.
Describe Bryophytes.
Small non-vascular plants that reproduce using spores.
What is a stamen?
Male flower part
How does the stigma aid in pollination?
It is sticky and produces hormones to germinate the pollen that lands on it.
Describe the features of a monocot?
Parallel veins, 1 cotyledon, fibrous roots, flower parts in multiples of 3 & scattered vascular bundles.
What are stomata (or stomates)?
Openings in leaves to allow for gas exchange. Guard cells keep them open when water is available.
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg
What 2 things does phloem transport?
Food and hormones
What is another term for the main stem of a flower?
Peduncle
Where in the chloroplast is glucose produced?
Stroma
Does the Calvin cycle produce or use NADPH?
It uses it as fuel
What is the difference between the stroma and a stoma?
The stroma is the liquid filling around grana while the stoma is an opening in leaves that allows for gas exchange.
What are gymnosperms?
Cone bearing vascular plants like pine trees.
Where do the LDR take place?
Thylakoids
What’s the difference between roots and shoots?
Roots are below ground while shoots are above.
Where can food be stored in a plant?
Leaves, stems and roots.
Why would the phloem change the direction in which it transports food?
It depends on the season and where food is stored and needed.
What is alternation of generations?
This process occurs when haploid and diploid stages of the plant take turns producing each other.
What are examples of Bryophytes?
Mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
