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Bio 100 > Bio 100 Unit #3 > Flashcards

Bio 100 Unit #3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur?

A

The Calvin Cycle happens in the STROMA.

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2
Q

What is another term for a producer?

A

Producers are also known as AUTOTROPHS.

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3
Q

Where do the LDR happen?

A

The Light Dependent Reactions occur in the thylakoids of chloroplasts.

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4
Q

What are 3 products of the LDR?

A

The LDR produces ATP & NADPH for the Calvin Cycle. It also produces OXYGEN GAS.

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Dicots?

A

Dicots have: branched veins, 2 cotyledons, ringed vascular bundles, flower parts in multiples of 4’s or 5’s and tap roots.

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6
Q

What is transpirational pull?

A

Transpirational pull is the process that moves water and minerals upward in vascular plants.

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7
Q

What structure in the LDR produces ATP?

A

ATP SYNTHASE make ATP.

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8
Q

In which layers of a leaf does photosynthesis occur?

A

Most photosynthesis happens in the PALISADE MESOPHYLL but some also happens in the SPONGY MESOPHYLL.

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9
Q

What is endosperm?

A

Endosperm is stored food within a seed and is triploid.

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10
Q

What is the difference between the Corolla and the Calyx in flowers?

A

The COROLLA is all the petals while the CALYX is all the sepals.

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11
Q

What is the loss of water from plant leaves called?

A

Transpiration

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12
Q

What do photons of light do in the LDR?

A

Excite electrons

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13
Q

What are 3 parts of the female part of a flower?

A

The pistil is make of the stigma, style and ovary.

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14
Q

What plant pigment is found in the thylakoid membranes?

A

Chlorophyll

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15
Q

What structures absorb water and minerals?

A

Root hairs

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16
Q

T or F: All vascular plants reproduce with seeds.

A

False, ferns reproduce with spores and are vascular.

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17
Q

Which comes first, fertilization or pollination?

A

Pollination

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18
Q

Which step of photosynthesis produces NADPH?

A

LDR

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19
Q

T or F: the LDR can happen in the dark but the Calvin cycle requires light.

A

False, just the opposite is true.

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20
Q

What organisms are producers?

A

Plants, algae, some Protists and some bacteria

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21
Q

What gas is produced by photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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22
Q

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity, temperature, amount of CO2 and Water

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23
Q

What is the cuticle of a plant?

A

Waxy layer on leaves that prevents water loss.

24
Q

What layer of the plant allows for gas exchange?

A

The spongy mesophyll.

25
Q

What is a pollen tube?

A

A passageway that allows fertilization in plants.

26
Q

Can plants only reproduce sexually?

A

No, vegetative propagation can be used for reproduction and is asexual

27
Q

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplast

28
Q

One turn of the Calvin Cycle produces this main product.

A

G3P - glyceraldahyde 3 phosphate, which is essentially 1/2 of a glucose molecule

29
Q

In which direction(s) does Xylem carry water & minerals?

A

Up

30
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

31
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

32
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen

33
Q

How is oxygen produced in the LDR?

A

Water splits when donating electrons to photosystem II.

34
Q

This part of the plant causes an increase in length.

A

Apical meristem

35
Q

This part of the plant causes an increase in width.

A

Lateral meristem

36
Q

What is the receptacle on a flower?

A

The receptacle is where the flower attaches to the stem.

37
Q

What is the epidermis in leaves?

A

The epidermis is the layer of protective cells above and below the cells which carry out photosynthesis.

38
Q

In which photosystem is P700 and how does it replace its missing electrons?

A

P700 is found in Photosystem I so it gets replacement electrons from P680.

39
Q

How many sperm cells in a pollen grain?

A

2, one to fertilize the egg, one to produce the endosperm.

40
Q

Describe Bryophytes.

A

Small non-vascular plants that reproduce using spores.

41
Q

What is a stamen?

A

Male flower part

42
Q

How does the stigma aid in pollination?

A

It is sticky and produces hormones to germinate the pollen that lands on it.

43
Q

Describe the features of a monocot?

A

Parallel veins, 1 cotyledon, fibrous roots, flower parts in multiples of 3 & scattered vascular bundles.

44
Q

What are stomata (or stomates)?

A

Openings in leaves to allow for gas exchange. Guard cells keep them open when water is available.

45
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A fertilized egg

46
Q

What 2 things does phloem transport?

A

Food and hormones

47
Q

What is another term for the main stem of a flower?

A

Peduncle

48
Q

Where in the chloroplast is glucose produced?

A

Stroma

49
Q

Does the Calvin cycle produce or use NADPH?

A

It uses it as fuel

50
Q

What is the difference between the stroma and a stoma?

A

The stroma is the liquid filling around grana while the stoma is an opening in leaves that allows for gas exchange.

51
Q

What are gymnosperms?

A

Cone bearing vascular plants like pine trees.

52
Q

Where do the LDR take place?

A

Thylakoids

53
Q

What’s the difference between roots and shoots?

A

Roots are below ground while shoots are above.

54
Q

Where can food be stored in a plant?

A

Leaves, stems and roots.

55
Q

Why would the phloem change the direction in which it transports food?

A

It depends on the season and where food is stored and needed.

56
Q

What is alternation of generations?

A

This process occurs when haploid and diploid stages of the plant take turns producing each other.

57
Q

What are examples of Bryophytes?

A

Mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

Bio 100 (5 decks)

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