Bio 100 Unit #1 Flashcards
Endocytosis requires this.
ATP is need to conduct endocytosis which is an active transport process.
These type of compounds contain carbon and are found in living organisms.
ORGANIC compounds contain carbon.
This happens when cells destroy old organelles.
AUTOPHAGY is the process by which lysosomes in cells break down unnecessary cell parts.
What are the monomers of proteins?
AMINO ACIDS are the monomers of proteins.
What are the functions of lipids?
Lipids are good for WATERPROOFING, INSULATION, & HELP FORM THE CELL MEMBRANE.
List 5 organelles that are part of the endomembrane system.
The E.R., VESICLES, VACUOLES, GOLGI BODY, and LYSOSOMES are all part of the endomembrane system.
This splits polymers by adding water.
HYDROLYSIS adds water to split polymers.
Amino acids are linked together by these bonds.
PEPTIDE BONDS link amino acids together.
Membrane bound organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria are NOT found in this type of an organism.
Membrane bound organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria are NOT found in PROKARYOTES.
In a solution a ___ is dissolved by a ___.
In a solution a SOLUTE is dissolved by a SOLVENT.
Evolutionary adaptations do this.
ADAPTATIONS are any feature that gives an organism a better chance of survival.
Carbohydrates are composed of this monomer.
Carbohydrates are composed of MONOSACCHARIDES.
This structure help maintain cell shape.
The CYTOSKELETON help maintain cell shape.
These type of fat are usually plant based and liquid at room temperature.
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS are usually plant based and liquid at room temperature.
This word describes an area that has a higher concentration of solutes than another area.
HYPERTONIC describes an area that has a higher concentration of solutes than another area.
Which organelles produce proteins?
RIBOSOMES read mRNA and produce proteins.
What is osmosis?
OSMOSIS moves water through a semi-permeable cell membrane toward a hypertonic area.
This is unlikely to be disproven because so much evidence supports it.
A THEORY is highly supported and thus unlikely to be disproven.
Extreme heat, salinity, and pH can do this to a protein.
Proteins are DENATURED by extreme heat, salinity, and pH.
Keratin is a protein that makes up these.
HAIR and FINGERNAILS are made of the protein called keratin.
These structures are used by paramecia to maintain osmotic pressure.
CONTRACTILE VACUOLES are used by paramecia to maintain osmotic pressure.
This is found in the nucleus during interphase.
CHROMATIN is found in the nucleus during interphase.
These 3 organelles contain DNA.
The NUCLEUS, MITOCHONDRIA, & CHLOROPLASTS all contain DNA.
The suffix “-ase” indicates this kind of substance.
The name of ENZYMES usually ends
in “-ase”.
___ is an anabolic process while ___ is a catabolic process.
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS is an anabolic process while HYDROLYSIS is a catabolic process.
This word refers to how lipids respond to water.
Lipids are HYDROPHOBIC.
This organelle produces ATP from food molecules such as glucose.
MITOCHONDRIA produce ATP from food molecules such as glucose.
What is a conclusion?
A CONCLUSION is the last step of the scientific process and explains how the data from a test either supports or refutes a hypothesis.
Enzymes are this type of macromolecule.
Enzymes are usually PROTEINS.
This is the number of variables that should be tested during a single scientific test.
Only ONE variable should be tested at a time.
Monosaccharides make up these polymers.
POLYSACCHARIDES are made of simple sugars like glucose.
Bacteria gather their DNA in this area.
A NUCLEOID is the collection of bacterial DNA.
This is the sum of all adjustments the body makes in order to maintain a relatively balanced internal environment.
HOMEOSTASIS is the sum of all adjustments the body makes in order to maintain a relatively balanced internal environment.
Flagella do this.
Flagella are long whip-like structures that allow certain cells to MOVE.
This is the acronym for remembering the characteristics of life.
MICE HOHO RIG is the acronym for remembering the characteristics of life.
Results are compared to this in a scientific experiment.
The CONTROL CONDITION is used for comparison.
This type of solution will make cells shrivel up.
HYPERTONIC solutions will make cells shrivel up.
Lipids are typically composed of these.
Lipids are typically composed of FATTY ACIDS attached to a GLYCEROL backbone.
Animal cells do not contain these structures.
Animal cells do not contain a CELL WALL, CHLOROPLASTS, nor a LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE.
This is a word that describes 2 areas that have the SAME concentration.
ISOTONIC areas are in equilibrium.
This moves solutes from a hypertonic area to a hypotonic area.
DIFFUSION moves solutes from a hypertonic area to a hypotonic area.
Mitochondria carry out this process.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION is done by mitochondria.
What kind of fats are maxed-out with hydrogen atoms?
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS are maxed-out with hydrogen atoms.
These organelles use enzymes to break down cell waste. They are the garbage disposals of the cell.
LYSOSOMES organelles use enzymes to break down cell waste.
These long whip-like structures help some cells move.
FLAGELLA are long whip-like structures help some cells move.
This part of the cell allows for self recognition.
The CELL MEMBRANE has proteins that detect whether something is part of your body or not.
This is the key feature of a prokaryotic cell.
Prokaryotes LACK nuclei and membrane bound organelles.
These are two active transport process that use ATP to move materials?
EXOCYTOSIS AND ENDOCYTOSIS are two active transport process that use ATP to move materials.
This is the functional level of protein.
The QUATERNARY level is functional in proteins.
Sugars typically end in this suffix.
Sugars typically end in the suffix “-ose”.
Prokaryotes are this type of organism.
The only organisms that are prokaryotic are BACTERIA.
This is the monomer of a nucleic acid.
NUCLEOTIDES are the organic monomers of nucleic acids.
Water moves between these to cross a cell membrane.
During osmosis, water wiggles betweeen PHOSPHLIPIDS.
What are 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Nucleotides consist of a PHOSPHATE, a SUGAR and a NITROGEN BASE.
Organic molecules can be described as this.
Organic molecules can be described as CARBON BASED, LARGE, and COMPLEX.