Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Speech & Comm > Bilingualism > Flashcards

Bilingualism Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bilingualism?

A

Ability to speak 2 languages in daily life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Bilingualism?

A

Ability to speak more than 2 languages in daily life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is SG described as?

A

A country of societal/institutionalised bilingualism - official/unofficial presence of 2 or more lang in social context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Diglossia?

A

2 languages or lang varieties exisiting side by side in a community (H & L variety)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Polyglossia?

A

More than 2 languages or varieties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the Attitudes to High Variety?

A

Prestige & Status (SSE, Standard SG Mandarin, Standard Malay, Standard Tamil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the Attitudes to Low Variety?

A

Stigmatisation, varied perceptions like solidarity, identity

SCE, Colloquial SG Mandarin, Colloquial Malay, Bazaar Malay, Baba Malay, Colloquial Tamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Domain?

A

A typical interaction in a typical setting between typical participants in which a particular speech variety is regularly used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the Domains of Language Use?

A

1) Family
2) Friendship
3) Religion
4) Education
5) Employment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Receptive Bilingualism?

A

Ability to understand a second language but lacks sufficient exposure to L2 in childhood to achieve native-like proficiency to speak it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the Orders of Second Language Acquisition?

A

1) Sequential Bilingualism - learning 1 lang then another

2) Simultaneous Bilingualism - learning 2 languages from birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Balanced Bilinguals?

A

Equally fluent in both languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Dominant Bilinguals?

A

Have 1 stronger & 1 weaker language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What tests can be used to measure proficiency/use?

A

1) Self-ratings
2) Questionnaires
3) Vocab Tests
4) Judgement of Experts
5) Grammaticality Judgements
6) Name pictures in both languages
7) Fluency, speed, automaticity
8) Reading Speed
9) Duration of repetition of sentences in 2 languages
10) Directionality of Code-mixing
11) Ability to Translate
12) Mean Length Utterance
13) Vocab Richness
14) Accent Ratings
15) Weak Lang Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Code-Switching (CS)?

A

Alternate use of 2 or more language or varieties in the same discourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Intersentential CS?

A

the alternation in a single discourse between two languages, where the switching occurs after a sentence in the first language has been completed and the next sentence starts with a new language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Intrasentential CS

A

the alternation in a single discourse between two languages, where the switching occurs within a sentence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can CS function as?

A

1) Compensatory Strategy to fill Linguistic Gaps

2) Speech Style

19
Q

What is CS also known as?

A

1) Code-mixing
2) Translanguaging
3) Code alternation
4) Language Switching

20
Q

What is situational CS?

A

Occurs when languages used change according to situations or speech events in which conversants find themselves

21
Q

What is Metaphorical CS?

A

Occurs when a change of topic requires a change in the language used

22
Q

What are some reasons for CS?

A

1) Change in setting/ speech event
2) Change in topic
3) Change in interlocutors
4) Indicate Grp Identity
5) Fit in
6) Quote someone
7) Clarify one’s utterance
8) Express solidarity/gratitude
9) Soften/strengthen command
10) Get something
11) Say something in secret
12) Translate technical or idiomatic speech from foreign language
13) Compensate for lang proficiency gaps in weaker language

23
Q

What is the Dominant model of insertional CS?

A

Matrix Language-Frame Model

24
Q

What is Matrix Language?

A

Either the L1 or language in which morphemes or words are more frequently used in CS

25
Q

What is Embedded Language?

A

Either the L2 or language in which morphemes or words are less frequently used in CS

26
Q

What does Green’s Inhibitory Control Model states?

A

While both languages are activated concurrently within the bilingual lexicosemantic system, one is selected while the other is inhibited, alternating between selected and active levels of activation

27
Q

What is Directionality?

A

CS from the L1 to L2 or L2 to L1

28
Q

What does Asymmetry in Directionality of Child CS reveal?

A

L2 developmental issues

29
Q

What can CS reveal?

A

Translation disorders in bilingual aphasia

30
Q

What does the skill of translating involve?

A

Switching of Languages

31
Q

What is Spontaneous Translation?

A

Automatic Translation

32
Q

What is Paradoxical Translation?

A

Ability to translate in one language but not the other

33
Q

What is Translation without Comprehension?

A

Ability to translate lang promptly but lack the ability to understand its meaning

34
Q

Where is language lateralised for more proficient or early L2 learners?

A

Left or Dominant Hemisphere

35
Q

Where is language lateralised for more proficient or early L2 learners?

A

Recruitment of additional neural areas

36
Q

What may language learning modality influence?

A

Neural mapping by activating different memory stores

37
Q

What is Implicit/Procedural Memory?

A

Part of LTM that is responsible for knowing how to do things / Automatic processes that dont involve conscious thought

38
Q

What is Implicit Memory key to?

A

L1 development in childhood

39
Q

What is Explicit/Declarative Memory?

A

Facts or events that can be explicitly stored & consciously recalled or ‘declared’ / Controlled processes carried out at conscious level

40
Q

What is Explicit Memory key to?

A

L2 Development in formal language learning

41
Q

What does the Parallel Access Hypothesis state?

A

Bilingual recruits both language simultaneously

42
Q

What does the Strength of Linguistic Activation depend on?

A

1) Stimuli
2) Linguistic BG
3) Lang Mode

43
Q

What does Paradis’ Activation Threshold Hypothesis state?

A

Activation of any linguistic property within 1 language causes automatic inhibition of the other

44
Q

What do Costa & Santesteban (2004) propose?

A

With increasing proficiency, bilinguals move away from inhibitory control to language-specific selection because words from non-TL do not compete for lexical selection

Speech & Comm (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions