Bichem - Nutrition III (Minerals)- IV Flashcards
State the functions of calcium.
Regulations of ion transport
Blood clotting
Maintenance of blood pressure
Secretion of hormones, digestive enzymes, neurotransmitters.
Activation of cellular enzymes
Muscle contraction
What is hypocalcemia caused by?
— Low ionic Ca ions in extracellular and intercellular fluids.
— characterized by muscle spams, muscle aches, carpopedal spasms and parasthesias
What is the deficiency of Ca+?
State the deficiency of phosphorous and what is it caused by.
Hypophosphatemia and caused by hyperparathyroidism.
PAM- BIBC
State the significance of Magnesium.
— Electrical conductor that contracts the muscle and beats the heart steadily.
— It activates enzymes involving transfer of phosphate from ATP.
— Activates numerous enzymes such as:
Enolasae
G6P dehydrogenase
G6Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
Thiokinase
Pyruvate carboxylase
FPN-MANS
State the significance of Sodium.
1) Major cation of the extracellular fluid
2) transports glucose, galactose, amino acids in intestinal muscosa
3) maintain fluid leaves outside the cell
State the significance of Chloride.
1) helps regulate the amount of fluid and nutrients going in & outside the cell.
2) Deficiency involves too much Cl out the cell due to prolonged diarrhea, vomitting and excessive sweating.
3) Toxicity involves too much Cl in the cell due to diarrhea, dehydration, metabolic processes. (Kidney disease)
State the significance of Potassium
— An electrolyte in the body.
— maintains fluid levels inside the cells.
State the deficiency and toxicity of Potassium.
Deficiency:
Hypokalemia — too much potassium in the blood.
FMCM
Toxicity: hyperkalemia— too little potassium in the blood. WNSCH
What is the significance of Iodine?
— needed for the production of thyroid hormones.
— thyroxine and triidothyronine, assist with creations of proteins and enzyme activity.
State the significance of Iron.
— major component of hemoglobin and myoglobin
— stored in body as ferritin
— important for healthy brain development
What is the deficiency?
State the significance of Zinc.
— involved with a sense of taste and smell.
— Necessary on the creation of DNA, building proteins, healing damaged tissues, support healthy immune system.
State some signs of zinc deficiency.
4D’S LPH
Poor appetite
Delayed wound healing
Loss of taste and smell
Decreased immunity
Diarrhea
Depressed mood
Hair loss
State the significance of Selenium
— generates selenoproteins.
— help make DNA and protection against cell damage.
— used in the reproduction and metabolism of thyroid hormones.
State the deficiency of Selenium,
Keshan disease, disease of heart muscle and
Kachin-beck disease, osteoarthritis.
State some symptoms of Selenium
NACLSH
Nausea, vomitting
Altered mental state
Coma
Seized
Lethargy
Headaches
