Anatomy- Liver And Pancreas

Question 1

Describe the organization for the liver lobule.

Answer 1

The liver lobule consist of the central vein and a portal space consisting of the portal tract

Question 2

Which structures make up the portal tract?

Answer 2

Branches of the bile ducts, hepatic artery and portal vein

Question 3

The liver is apart of which system and what two structures are also included?

Answer 3

Hepatobiliary system, also contains the bile ducts and gallbladder

Question 4

Name the two structures that lie in between the adjacent cords of the hepatocytes

Answer 4

1. Bile canaliculus
2. Sinusoid vessel

Question 5

What is the function of the bile canaliculus.

Answer 5

It accumulates the bile from the hepatocytes and drains it into the bile duct in the portal space.

Question 6

What is the function of the sinusoid vessel?

Answer 6

It receives blood from the hepatic artery and the portal vein and drains it into the central nerve.

Question 7

Where is liver located?

Answer 7

The liver is located in the upper right and left hydrochondriac and epigastric regions.

Question 8

List the surfaces and margins of the liver.

Answer 8

Anterior, superior, right and visceral surfaces and 1 inferior margin.

Question 9

Name the structure that separates the right and left lobes of the liver.

Answer 9

Falciform ligaments - anterior and superior surface.
Fissure of ligamentum venosum and ligamentum teres - viceral surface

Question 10

What is the relations of the anterior surface of the liver?

Answer 10

Diaphragm,
Anterior Abdominal wall,
Pluera
Lungs
Rise and left costal margins

Question 11

What are the relations of the superior surface of the liver?

Answer 11

Diaphragm, pluera, lungs, heart and pericardium

Question 12

What are the relations of the right surface of the liver?

Answer 12

Right dome of the diaphragm
7th-11th ribs
right lung and pluera.

Question 13

What is the arterial supply of the gall bladder?

Answer 13

Cystic Artery

Question 14

List the components involved in the blood supply of the liver.

Answer 14

Hepatic vein and artery
Portal vein

Question 15

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the liver.

Answer 15

Main drainage: Hepatic lymph nodes —-> celiac nodes.
Second drainage: Phrenic nodes, posterior mediastinal nodes, parasternal nodes, left gastric nodes, superficial inguinal nodes. (PPPLS)

Question 16

Describe the Nerve supply of the liver

Answer 16

Hepatic plexus of nerves that contains sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

Question 17

What are the relations of the visceral surface of the liver?

Answer 17

Esophagus
Stomach
Right kidney
Right colic flexors
Right suprarenal gland
Gallbladder
Duodenum

Question 18

Describe the ligamentum venosum

Answer 18

Remnant of the ductus venosus which shunt blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava short circuiting the liver.

Question 19

Describe the ligamentum teres.

Answer 19

Reminant of left umbilical cord which carried oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Question 20

List the peritoneal folds of the liver.

Answer 20

Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament
Right and left triangular ligaments
Superior and inferior coronary ligaments

Question 21

What is the origin of the bile duct?

Answer 21

Portal hepatis by union of the common hepatic and cystic duct.

Question 22

State the arterial supply of the bile duct.

Answer 22

Cystic
Hepatic
Gastroduodenal
Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 23

What are the posterior relations of the head of the pancreas?

Answer 23

Inferior vena cava
Right renal vein
Right renal artery
Left renal vein
Bile duct

Question 24

What are the anterior relations of the head of the pancreas?

Answer 24

Transverse colon

Question 25

What are the posterior and anterior relations of the **uncinated process ** of the pancreas?

Answer 25

Posterior - superior mesenteric artery and vein
Anterior - abdominal aorta

Question 26

What are the anterior relations of the body of the pancreas?

Answer 26

Lesser sac
Stomach

Question 27

What are the posterior relations of the body of the pancreas?

Answer 27

Abdominal aorta
Mesenteric artery
Left kidney
Left renal vessels
Splenic vein

Side note: What about the upper and anterior borders?

Question 28

State the arterial supply of the pancreas.

Answer 28

Splenic artery
Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.

Question 29

State the nerve supply of the pancreas.

Answer 29

Parasympathetic- vagus stimulation
Sympathetic - splanchnic nerves