Bibliography- CBF Flashcards
Bertsch et al., 2009
○ Study Focus: Investigated the relationship between resting cerebral blood flow (CBF), cognitive aging, and attention.
Key Findings: This study found significant age-related decreases in resting CBF, which were correlated with declines in attentional performance. The authors suggest that these findings highlight the critical role of adequate CBF in maintaining cognitive health in older adults. The study used advanced neuroimaging techniques to measure CBF and assess cognitive performance, providing robust evidence for the link between vascular health and cognitive aging.
Bishop et al., 1986
○ Study Focus: Validation of transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound as a method to measure blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA).
○ Key Findings: The study successfully validated TCD as a reliable non-invasive method for measuring MCA blood flow velocity, which is closely related to CBF. This validation was critical for the widespread adoption of TCD in clinical and research settings, allowing for continuous monitoring of CBF in various physiological and pathological conditions. The study detailed the correlation between TCD measurements and direct CBF assessments, demonstrating high reliability and accuracy.
Churchill et al., 2020
○ Study Focus: Examined the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on executive function and CBF.
○ Key Findings: The study demonstrated that a 10-minute bout of aerobic exercise significantly improved executive function, as evidenced by faster antisaccade reaction times. Additionally, there was a notable increase in CBF, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with executive functions. The improvements in cognitive performance and CBF were observed to persist for up to 60 minutes post-exercise, suggesting that even short-duration exercise can have immediate and lasting benefits on brain function.
Classen et al., 2021
○ Study Focus: Investigated the impact of different exercise intensities on executive function and CBF.
Key Findings: The study found that light, moderate, and heavy exercise intensities all resulted in improvements in executive function, measured through tasks like the Stroop test and working memory tasks. The increase in CBF was directly proportional to the intensity of the exercise, with heavier exercise inducing the most significant changes. This study supports the idea that exercise intensity plays a crucial role in modulating cognitive benefits and cerebral perfusion.
Duschek, 2018
○ Study Focus: Explored the relationship between CBF and cognitive performance across different conditions.
Key Findings: The research underscored that both acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) changes in CBF can significantly influence cognitive performance. Acute changes were associated with immediate cognitive tasks, while chronic changes were linked to overall cognitive health and performance over time. The study emphasized the importance of maintaining vascular health to support cognitive functions, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for enhancing CBF in cognitive disorders.
Kalimo et al., 1981
○ Study Focus: Early exploration of the relationship between CBF and cognitive function in pathological conditions.
Key Findings: Foundational research demonstrated the critical role of adequate CBF in maintaining cognitive functions, especially in conditions like stroke where blood flow is compromised. This study laid the groundwork for understanding how disruptions in CBF can lead to cognitive deficits and emphasized the importance of vascular health in preventing cognitive decline.
Liu, 2023
○ Study Focus: The latest research on the relationship between CBF and cognitive health, with a focus on preventive strategies.
Key Findings: Confirmed the importance of maintaining healthy CBF levels for optimal cognitive function. The study provided evidence that interventions aimed at enhancing CBF, such as aerobic exercise and dietary modifications, could prevent cognitive decline and improve cognitive performance in aging populations. This research has significant implications for developing strategies to maintain cognitive health through vascular health management.
Moore & Cao, 2008
○ Study Focus: Proposed the hemo-neural hypothesis, exploring the role of blood flow in information processing.
Key Findings: The authors proposed that exercise-induced increases in CBF enhance neural efficiency and connectivity, thereby improving cognitive function. They suggested that functional hyperemia (increased blood flow correlated with neural activity) might modulate neural activity directly through the delivery of blood-borne messengers and indirectly through astrocytes. This novel perspective has implications for understanding neural representation and brain modeling, as well as potential treatments for stroke, dementia, and epilepsy.
Peltonen et al., 2016
○ Study Focus: Relationship between different intensities of exercise and CBF changes.
Key Findings: Demonstrated that light, moderate, and heavy exercise intensities result in different magnitudes of CBF increase. Heavy exercise produced the largest increase in CBF, which was associated with significant improvements in cognitive performance. The study highlighted the dose-response relationship between exercise intensity and cerebral perfusion, suggesting that tailored exercise programs could maximize cognitive benefits.
Querido, 2007
○ Study Focus: Investigated the mechanisms of cerebrovascular regulation during exercise.
Key Findings: The study detailed how exercise-induced changes in blood gases (such as CO2 and O2 levels) and blood pressure contribute to the regulation of CBF. It provided a comprehensive overview of the physiological mechanisms underlying the cerebrovascular response to exercise, emphasizing the role of both central and peripheral factors in maintaining adequate CBF during physical activity.
Shirzad et al., 2022
○ Study Focus: Compared the effects of active versus passive exercise on CBF and executive function.
○ Key Findings: Found that both active and passive exercises led to increases in CBF and improvements in executive function, although the effects were more pronounced with active exercise. This study highlighted the potential cognitive benefits of passive exercise interventions, such as those used in rehabilitation settings, while also emphasizing the greater efficacy of active engagement.
Smith et al., 2017
○ Study Focus: The impact of exercise on cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive health.
Key Findings: Highlighted the benefits of regular exercise on cerebral perfusion and cognitive health, particularly in aging populations. The study showed that consistent physical activity improves both resting and reactive CBF, which in turn supports better cognitive performance and may protect against age-related cognitive decline.
Tari et al., 2020
○ Study Focus: Effects of hypercapnia (increased CO2 levels) and exercise on executive function.
Key Findings: Demonstrated that both hypercapnic conditions and exercise improved executive function by increasing CBF. The study suggested that these interventions could be used to enhance cognitive performance through targeted increases in CBF, providing insights into potential therapeutic approaches for cognitive impairments.
Tari et al., 2021
○ Study Focus: Investigated the effects of different exercise intensities on executive function and CBF.
Key Findings: Found that varying exercise intensities (light, moderate, and heavy) all improved executive function and increased CBF, with no clear dose-response relationship. This suggests that even low-intensity exercise can be beneficial for cognitive health, making exercise an accessible intervention for a broad population.
Tari et al., 2023
○ Study Focus: Longitudinal effects of regular exercise on executive function and CBF.
Key Findings: Showed that regular exercise has persistent benefits on executive function, mediated by sustained improvements in CBF. The study emphasized the importance of maintaining a consistent exercise regimen to achieve long-term cognitive benefits, supporting the role of physical activity in cognitive health promotion.
